The Effect of Modern Standard Arabic Orthography on Speech Production by Arab Children With Hearing Loss

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Abstract

This article examined the effect of Modern Standard Arabic orthography on speech production quality (syllable stress and vowels) by 23 Arabic-speaking children with severe or profound hearing loss aged 8–12 years. Children produced 15 one-syllable minimal pairs of words that differed in vowel length (short vs. long) and 20 two-syllable minimal pairs differing in stress pattern. Each word was produced in three tasks: reading partially or fully vowelized words and imitation of aural stimuli. Results showed that fully vowelized words ensured vowel production: high-quality productions appeared on 99%, 74%, and 59% of productions on reading fully vowelized words, partially vowelized words, and on imitation, respectively. Moreover, correct vowel production affected correct consonant production. Correct production of stress was best on reading fully vowelized words, appearing on 54%, 21%, and 33% of productions for fully vowelized words, partially vowelized words, or imitation, respectively. Findings suggest the need to present fully vowelized written texts when teaching speech production to children with hearing loss. Such presentations enable more accurate productions that result in more intelligible speech.

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K. Kirk Shung, David B. Pisoni, Thomas Osberger (1995)

The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the effect of lexical characteristics on the spoken word recognition performance of children who use a multichannel cochlear implant (CI), and 2) to compare their performance on lexically controlled word lists with their performance on a traditional test of word recognition, the PB-K. In two different experiments, 14 to 19 pediatric CI users who demonstrated at least some open-set speech recognition served as subjects. Based on computational analyses, word lists were constructed to allow systematic examination of the effects of word frequency, lexical density (i.e., the number of phonemically similar words, or neighbors), and word length. The subjects' performance on these new tests and the PB-K also was compared. The percentage of words correctly identified was significantly higher for lexically "easy" words (high frequency words with few neighbors) than for "hard" words (low frequency words with many neighbors), but there was no lexical effect on phoneme recognition scores. Word recognition performance was consistently higher on the lexically controlled lists than on the PB-K. In addition, word recognition was better for multisyllabic than for momosyllabic stimuli. These results demonstrate that pediatric cochlear implant users are sensitive to the acoustic-phonetic similarities among words, that they organize words into similarity neighborhoods in long-term memory, and they use this structural information in recognizing isolated words. The results further suggest that the PB-K underestimates these subjects' spoken words recognition.

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ELINOR SAIEGH–HADDAD (2004)

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ

Journal ID (hwp): deafed

Journal ID (publisher-id): deafed

Title: The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education

Publisher: Oxford University Press

ISSN (Print): 1081-4159

ISSN (Electronic): 1465-7325

Publication date (Print): Summer 2008

Publication date (Electronic): 19 November 2007

Publication date PMC-release: 19 November 2007

Volume: 13

Issue: 3

Pages: 417-431

Affiliations

Tel-Aviv University

Author notes

Correspondence should be sent to Dr. Tova Most, School of Education, Tel-Aviv University, Israel 69978 (e-mail: tovam@ 123456post.tau.ac.il ).

Article

DOI: 10.1093/deafed/enm060

PMC ID: 2429983

PubMed ID: 18025065

SO-VID: 04b6b23f-1d8c-4037-8896-fd14870cb629

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 9 August 2007

Date revision received : 18 October 2007

Date accepted : 18 October 2007

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