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      Road to resilience: a systematic review and meta-analysis of resilience training programmes and interventions

      systematic-review

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Objectives

          To synthesise the available evidence on interventions designed to improve individual resilience.

          Design

          A systematic review and meta-analysis

          Methods

          The following electronic databases were searched: Ovid Medline, Ovid EMBASE, PsycINFO, Ovid Cochrane and WHO Clinical Trials Registry in order to identify any controlled trials or randomised controlled trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy of interventions aimed at improving psychological resilience. Pooled effects sizes were calculated using the random-effects model of meta-analysis.

          Outcome measures

          Valid and reliable measures of psychological resilience.

          Results

          Overall, 437 citations were retrieved and 111 peer-reviewed articles were examined in full. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria and were subject to a quality assessment, with 11 RCTs being included in the final meta-analysis. Programmes were stratified into one of three categories (1) cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-based interventions, (2) mindfulness-based interventions or (3) mixed Interventions, those combining CBT and Mindfulness training. A meta-analysis found a moderate positive effect of resilience interventions (0.44 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.64) with subgroup analysis suggesting CBT-based, mindfulness and mixed interventions were effective.

          Conclusions

          Resilience interventions based on a combination of CBT and mindfulness techniques appear to have a positive impact on individual resilience.

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          Most cited references29

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          Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC).

          Kathryn M Connor, Jonathan Davidson (2003)
          Resilience may be viewed as a measure of stress coping ability and, as such, could be an important target of treatment in anxiety, depression, and stress reactions. We describe a new rating scale to assess resilience. The Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) comprises of 25 items, each rated on a 5-point scale (0-4), with higher scores reflecting greater resilience. The scale was administered to subjects in the following groups: community sample, primary care outpatients, general psychiatric outpatients, clinical trial of generalized anxiety disorder, and two clinical trials of PTSD. The reliability, validity, and factor analytic structure of the scale were evaluated, and reference scores for study samples were calculated. Sensitivity to treatment effects was examined in subjects from the PTSD clinical trials. The scale demonstrated good psychometric properties and factor analysis yielded five factors. A repeated measures ANOVA showed that an increase in CD-RISC score was associated with greater improvement during treatment. Improvement in CD-RISC score was noted in proportion to overall clinical global improvement, with greatest increase noted in subjects with the highest global improvement and deterioration in CD-RISC score in those with minimal or no global improvement. The CD-RISC has sound psychometric properties and distinguishes between those with greater and lesser resilience. The scale demonstrates that resilience is modifiable and can improve with treatment, with greater improvement corresponding to higher levels of global improvement. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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            Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: a review of empirical studies.

            Shian-Ling Keng, Moria Smoski, Clive Robins (2011)
            Within the past few decades, there has been a surge of interest in the investigation of mindfulness as a psychological construct and as a form of clinical intervention. This article reviews the empirical literature on the effects of mindfulness on psychological health. We begin with a discussion of the construct of mindfulness, differences between Buddhist and Western psychological conceptualizations of mindfulness, and how mindfulness has been integrated into Western medicine and psychology, before reviewing three areas of empirical research: cross-sectional, correlational research on the associations between mindfulness and various indicators of psychological health; intervention research on the effects of mindfulness-oriented interventions on psychological health; and laboratory-based, experimental research on the immediate effects of mindfulness inductions on emotional and behavioral functioning. We conclude that mindfulness brings about various positive psychological effects, including increased subjective well-being, reduced psychological symptoms and emotional reactivity, and improved behavioral regulation. The review ends with a discussion on mechanisms of change of mindfulness interventions and suggested directions for future research. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Prevalence of Depression and Depressive Symptoms Among Resident Physicians: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

              Douglas Mata, Marco Ramos‐Corrales, Narinder Bansal … (2015)
              Physicians in training are at high risk for depression. However, the estimated prevalence of this disorder varies substantially between studies.
              Article 0 comments Cited 450 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMJ Open
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMJ Open
                Journal ID (hwp): bmjopen
                Journal ID (publisher-id): bmjopen
                Title: BMJ Open
                Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group (BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2044-6055
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 June 2018
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 6
                Electronic Location Identifier: e017858
                Affiliations
                [1 ]departmentWorkplace Mental Health Research Team, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
                [2 ]The Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
                [3 ]departmentSchool of Psychology , University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
                [4 ]departmentSchool of Psychology, Faculty of Science , University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
                Author notes
                [Correspondence to ] Sadhbh Joyce; sadhbh.joyce@ 123456unsw.edu.au
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3553-6721
                Article
                Publisher ID: bmjopen-2017-017858
                DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017858
                PMC ID: 6009510
                PubMed ID: 29903782
                SO-VID: 046c8cc2-2e8d-4b35-a485-b0d5bb3bebd2
                Copyright © © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

                History
                Date received : 24 May 2017
                Date revision received : 06 April 2018
                Date accepted : 27 April 2018
                Funding
                Funded by: iCare Foundation;
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008810, NSW Ministry of Health;
                Funded by: Australian Government;
                Categories
                Subject: Mental Health
                Subject: Research
                Subject: 1506
                Subject: 1712
                Subject: 1359
                Custom metadata
                special-feature unlocked

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: resilience,resilience training,mindfulness,public health,mental health
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: resilience, resilience training, mindfulness, public health, mental health

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