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      Italian survey on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo Translated title: Survey italiana sulla vertigine parossistica posizionale

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          SUMMARY

          Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common type of peripheral vertigo. BPPV often relapses after the first episode, with a recurrence rate between 15% and 50%. To date both the aetiopathogenetic processes that lead to otoconia detachment and the factors that make BPPV a relapsing disease are still unclear, but recent epidemiological studies have shown a possible association with cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of the present study (Sesto Senso Survey) was to evaluate in the Italian population through an observational survey, the main demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with BPPV (first episode or recurrent) with particular focus on the potential cardiovascular risk factors. The survey was conducted in 158 vestibology centres across Italy on 2,682 patients (mean age 59.3 ± 15.0 years; 39.1% males and 60.9% females) suffering from BPPV, from January 2013 to December 2014. The results showed a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure (55.8%), hypercholesterolaemia (38.6%) and diabetes (17.7%), as well as a family history of cardiovascular disease (49.4%). A high percentage of patients also had hearing loss (42.9%), tinnitus (41.2%), or both (26.8%). The presence of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and pre-existing cardiovascular comorbidities were significantly related to recurrent BPPV episodes (OR range between 1.84 and 2.31). In addition, the association with diabetes and thyroid/autoimmune disease (OR range between 1.73 and 1.89) was relevant. The survey results confirm the significant association between cardiovascular comorbidities and recurrent BPPV and identify them as a potential important risk factor for recurrence of BPPV in the Italian population, paving the way for the evaluation of new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of this disease.

          RIASSUNTO

          La vertigine parossistica posizionale benigna (VPPB) è il tipo più comune di vertigine periferica. Frequentemente dopo il primo episodio la VPPB presenta recidive, con un tasso di ricorrenza tra il 15% ed il 50%. Ad oggi non vi è chiarezza sui processi eziopatogenetici che portano al distacco degli otoconi né su quali siano i fattori che rendono la VPPB una patologia recidivante, ma recenti studi epidemiologici hanno evidenziato una possibile associazione con fattori di rischio cardiovascolari. Lo scopo del presente studio (Sesto Senso Survey) è stato quello di valutare nella popolazione italiana, attraverso un'indagine osservazionale, le principali caratteristiche demografiche e cliniche dei pazienti con VPPB (primo episodio o ricorrente), con particolare attenzione ai potenziali fattori di rischio cardiovascolare. L'indagine è stata condotta in 158 centri di Vestibologia in tutta Italia su 2.682 pazienti (età media 59,3 ± 15,0 anni; 39,1 maschi e 60,9% femmine) affetti da VPPB, da gennaio 2013 a dicembre 2014. I risultati hanno mostrato in questi pazienti l'alta prevalenza di fattori di rischio cardiovascolari come ipertensione arteriosa (55,8%), ipercolesterolemia (38,6%) e diabete (17,7%), oltre ad una elevata familiarità per malattie cardiovascolari (49,4%). In un'elevata percentuale di pazienti si è inoltre registrata la presenza di ipoacusia (42,9%), acufeni (41,2%) o entrambi (26,8%). Significativamente correlata agli episodi di recidiva di VPPB è risultata la presenza di ipertensione arteriosa, dislipidemia e comorbidità cardiovascolare accertata (range OR tra 1,84 e 2,31). Rilevanti anche le associazioni con diabete e patologie tiroidee e autoimmuni (range OR tra 1,73 e 1,89). I risultati dell'indagine confermano la significativa associazione tra comorbidità cardiovascolari e VPPB recidivanti e le identificano come importante potenziale fattore di rischio per le recidive di VPPB nella popolazione italiana, aprendo la strada alla valutazione di nuove strategie terapeutiche nel trattamento di questa patologia.

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          Most cited references28

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          Epidemiology of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a population based study.

          To examine the prevalence and incidence, clinical presentation, societal impact and comorbid conditions of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) in the general population. Cross-sectional, nationally representative neurotological survey of the general adult population in Germany with a two stage sampling design: screening of 4869 participants from the German National Telephone Health Interview Survey 2003 (response rate 52%) for moderate or severe dizziness or vertigo, followed by validated neurotological interviews (n = 1003; response rate 87%). Diagnostic criteria for BPPV were at least five attacks of vestibular vertigo lasting <1 min without concomitant neurological symptoms and invariably provoked by typical changes in head position. In a concurrent validation study (n = 61) conducted in two specialised dizziness clinics, BPPV was detected by our telephone interview with a specificity of 92% and a sensitivity of 88% (positive predictive value 88%, negative predictive value 92%). BPPV accounted for 8% of individuals with moderate or severe dizziness/vertigo. The lifetime prevalence of BPPV was 2.4%, the 1 year prevalence was 1.6% and the 1 year incidence was 0.6%. The median duration of an episode was 2 weeks. In 86% of affected individuals, BPPV led to medical consultation, interruption of daily activities or sick leave. In total, only 8% of affected participants received effective treatment. On multivariate analysis, age, migraine, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and stroke were independently associated with BPPV. BPPV is a common vestibular disorder leading to significant morbidity, psychosocial impact and medical costs.
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            Clinical practice. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

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              Practice parameter: therapies for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital
                Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital
                Pacini
                Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica
                Pacini Editore SRL
                0392-100X
                1827-675X
                August 2017
                : 37
                : 4
                : 328-335
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Otoneurology and Tinnitus Unit, Chair of Audiology, P. Giaccone University Hospital, Palermo;
                [2 ] Department of Surgical, Medical and Critical Care Pathology, University of Pisa;
                [3 ] ENT Clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia;
                [4 ] Vertigo Center, Poliambulatorio Chirurgico Modenese, Modena
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Aldo Messina, Otoneurology and Tinnitus Unit, Chair of Audiology, P. Giaccone University Hospital, Palermo, Italy. Tel. +39 091 6554250. E-mail: aldo_odecon@ 123456libero.it
                Article
                Pacini
                10.14639/0392-100X-1121
                5584106
                28872163
                0440148f-38d7-4f58-8652-80e4f29c3686
                © Copyright by Società Italiana di Otorinolaringologia e Chirurgia Cervico-Facciale, Rome, Italy

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License, which permits for noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any digital medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not altered in any way. For details, please refer to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/

                History
                : 25 February 2016
                : 21 March 2017
                Categories
                Vestibology

                Otolaryngology
                benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,risk factors,cardiovascular diseases,therapy

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