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      Trace elements in pancreatic cancer

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          Abstract

          Background

          Pancreatic cancer (PCA) is an extremely aggressive malignant cancer with an increasing incidence and a low five‐year survival rate. The main reason for this high mortality is that most patients are diagnosed with PCA at an advanced stage, missing early treatment options and opportunities. As important nutrients of the human body, trace elements play an important role in maintaining normal physiological functions. Moreover, trace elements are closely related to many diseases, including PCA.

          Review

          This review systematically summarizes the latest research progress on selenium, copper, arsenic, and manganese in PCA, elucidates their application in PCA, and provides a new reference for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of PCA.

          Conclusion

          Trace elements such as selenium, copper, arsenic and manganese are playing an important role in the risk, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of PCA. Meanwhile, they have a certain inhibitory effect on PCA, the mechanism mainly includes: promoting ferroptosis, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting metastasis, and inhibiting excessive proliferation.

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          Cancer statistics, 2022

          Rebecca Siegel, Kimberly D Miller, Hannah Fuchs … (2022)
          Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population-based cancer occurrence and outcomes. Incidence data (through 2018) were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data (through 2019) were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2022, 1,918,030 new cancer cases and 609,360 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States, including approximately 350 deaths per day from lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death. Incidence during 2014 through 2018 continued a slow increase for female breast cancer (by 0.5% annually) and remained stable for prostate cancer, despite a 4% to 6% annual increase for advanced disease since 2011. Consequently, the proportion of prostate cancer diagnosed at a distant stage increased from 3.9% to 8.2% over the past decade. In contrast, lung cancer incidence continued to decline steeply for advanced disease while rates for localized-stage increased suddenly by 4.5% annually, contributing to gains both in the proportion of localized-stage diagnoses (from 17% in 2004 to 28% in 2018) and 3-year relative survival (from 21% to 31%). Mortality patterns reflect incidence trends, with declines accelerating for lung cancer, slowing for breast cancer, and stabilizing for prostate cancer. In summary, progress has stagnated for breast and prostate cancers but strengthened for lung cancer, coinciding with changes in medical practice related to cancer screening and/or treatment. More targeted cancer control interventions and investment in improved early detection and treatment would facilitate reductions in cancer mortality.
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            Identification of pancreatic cancer stem cells.

            Chenwei Li, David G Heidt, Piero Dalerba … (2007)
            Emerging evidence has suggested that the capability of a tumor to grow and propagate is dependent on a small subset of cells within a tumor, termed cancer stem cells. Although data have been provided to support this theory in human blood, brain, and breast cancers, the identity of pancreatic cancer stem cells has not been determined. Using a xenograft model in which primary human pancreatic adenocarcinomas were grown in immunocompromised mice, we identified a highly tumorigenic subpopulation of pancreatic cancer cells expressing the cell surface markers CD44, CD24, and epithelial-specific antigen (ESA). Pancreatic cancer cells with the CD44(+)CD24(+)ESA(+) phenotype (0.2-0.8% of pancreatic cancer cells) had a 100-fold increased tumorigenic potential compared with nontumorigenic cancer cells, with 50% of animals injected with as few as 100 CD44(+)CD24(+)ESA(+) cells forming tumors that were histologically indistinguishable from the human tumors from which they originated. The enhanced ability of CD44(+)CD24(+)ESA(+) pancreatic cancer cells to form tumors was confirmed in an orthotopic pancreatic tail injection model. The CD44(+)CD24(+)ESA(+) pancreatic cancer cells showed the stem cell properties of self-renewal, the ability to produce differentiated progeny, and increased expression of the developmental signaling molecule sonic hedgehog. Identification of pancreatic cancer stem cells and further elucidation of the signaling pathways that regulate their growth and survival may provide novel therapeutic approaches to treat pancreatic cancer, which is notoriously resistant to standard chemotherapy and radiation.
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              Pancreatic cancer

              Jonathan Mizrahi, Rishi Surana, Juan W. Valle … (2020)
              Pancreatic cancer is a highly fatal disease with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 10% in the USA, and it is becoming an increasingly common cause of cancer mortality. Risk factors for developing pancreatic cancer include family history, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and tobacco use. Patients typically present with advanced disease due to lack of or vague symptoms when the cancer is still localised. High quality computed tomography with intravenous contrast using a dual phase pancreatic protocol is typically the best method to detect a pancreatic tumour and to determine surgical resectability. Endoscopic ultrasound is an increasingly used complementary staging modality which also allows for diagnostic confirmation when combined with fine needle aspiration. Patients with pancreatic cancer are often divided into one of four categories based on extent of disease: resectable, borderline resectable, locally advanced, and metastatic; patient condition is also an important consideration. Surgical resection represents the only chance for cure, and advancements in adjuvant chemotherapy have improved long-term outcomes in these patients. Systemic chemotherapy combinations including FOLFIRINOX (5-fluorouracil, folinic acid [leucovorin], irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel remain the mainstay of treatment for patients with advanced disease. Data on the benefit of PARP inhibition as maintenance therapy in patients with germline BRCA1 or BRACA2 mutations might prove to be a harbinger of advancement in targeted therapy. Additional research efforts are focusing on modulating the pancreatic tumour microenvironment to enhance the efficacy of the immunotherapeutic strategies.
              Article 0 comments Cited 836 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Yan Qiang: yianq@hzhospital.com
                Han Shuwen:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6180-9565
                shuwenhan985@163.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cancer Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cancer Med
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1002/(ISSN)2045-7634
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CAM4
                Title: Cancer Medicine
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2045-7634
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 July 2024
                Publication date Collection: July 2024
                Volume: 13
                Issue: 14 ( doiID: 10.1002/cam4.v13.14 )
                Electronic Location Identifier: e7454
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Huzhou China
                [ 2 ] Shulan International Medical school Zhejiang Shuren University Hangzhou China
                [ 3 ] Institut Catholique de Lille, Junia (ICL), Université Catholique de Lille, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Transitions de Lille (LITL) Lille France
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Yan Qiang and Han Shuwen, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.

                Email: yianq@ 123456hzhospital.com and shuwenhan985@ 123456163.com

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6910-8824
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6180-9565
                Article
                Publisher ID: CAM47454 Other ID: CAM4-2024-02-0826.R1
                DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7454
                PMC ID: 11252496
                PubMed ID: 39015024
                SO-VID: 04137982-5181-4326-9d8e-b5fc56b345fc
                Copyright © © 2024 The Author(s). Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date revision received : 16 June 2024
                Date received : 07 February 2024
                Date accepted : 24 June 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 6, Tables: 1, Pages: 15, Words: 10700
                Funding
                Funded by: Medical and Health Research Project of Zhejiang Province , doi 10.13039/501100017531;
                Award ID: 2022RC262
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China , doi 10.13039/501100001809;
                Award ID: 82273339
                Funded by: Key research and development project of Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province
                Award ID: 2024C03174
                Categories
                Subject: Review
                Subject: Review
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                cover-date July 2024
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.4.5 mode:remove_FC converted:17.07.2024

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: arsenic,copper,manganese,pancreatic cancer,selenium,trace elements
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: arsenic, copper, manganese, pancreatic cancer, selenium, trace elements

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