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      Cold-adapted yeasts from Antarctica and the Italian Alps—description of three novel species: Mrakia robertii sp. nov., Mrakia blollopis sp. nov. and Mrakiella niccombsii sp. nov.

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          Abstract

          Worldwide glaciers are annually retreating due to global overheating and this phenomenon determines the potential lost of microbial diversity represented by psychrophilic microbial population sharing these peculiar habitats. In this context, yeast strains, all unable to grow above 20°C, consisting of 42 strains from Antarctic soil and 14 strains isolated from Alpine Glacier, were isolated and grouped together based on similar morphological and physiological characteristics. Sequences of the D1/D2 and ITS regions of the ribosomal DNA confirmed the previous analyses and demonstrated that the strains belong to unknown species. Three new species are proposed: Mrakia robertii sp. nov. (type strain CBS 8912), Mrakia blollopis sp. nov. (type strain CBS 8921) and a related anamorphic species Mrakiella niccombsii sp. nov. (type strain CBS 8917). Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region revealed that the new proposed species were closely related to each other within the Mrakia clade in the order Cystofilobasidiales, class Tremellomycetes. The Mrakia clade now contains 8 sub-clades. Teliospores were observed in all strains except CBS 8918 and for the Mrakiella niccombsii strains.

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          The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00792-009-0286-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          Modelling the response of glaciers to climate warming

          R. van de Wal, A P Stroeven, M. Schmeits … (1998)
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            Psychrophilic yeasts in glacial environments of Alpine glaciers.

            Pietro Buzzini, A K Martini, Claudio Smiraglia … (2007)
            The presence of psychrophilic yeasts in supra- and subglacial sediments, ice and meltwater collected from two glaciers of the Italian Alps (Forni and Sforzellina-Ortles-Cevedale group) was investigated. After incubation at 4 degrees C, subglacial sediments contained from 1.3 x 10(3) to 9.6 x 10(3) CFU of yeasts g(-1). The number of yeast cells in supraglacial sediments was c. 10-100-fold lower. A significant proportion of isolated yeasts exhibited one or more extracellular enzymatic activities (starch-degrading, lipolytic, esterolytic, proteolytic and pectinolytic activity) at 4 degrees C. Selected isolates were able to grow at 2 degrees C under laboratory-simulated in situ conditions. In all, 106 isolated yeasts were identified by MSP-PCR fingerprinting and 26S rRNA gene sequencing of the D1/D2 region as belonging to 10 species: Aureobasidium pullulans, Cryptococcus gilvescens (over 50% of the total), Cryptococcus terricolus, Mrakia gelida, Naganishia globosa, Rhodotorula glacialis, Rhodotorula psychrophenolica, Rhodotorula bacarum, Rhodotorula creatinivora and Rhodotorula laryngis. Four strains, all belonging to a new yeast species, yet to be described, were also isolated.
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              Biodiversity of cold-adapted yeasts from glacial meltwater rivers in Patagonia, Argentina.

              Pietro Buzzini, Virginia García-Cañas, Silvia Brizzio … (2007)
              The occurrence of culturable yeasts in glacial meltwater from the Frías, Castaño Overo and Río Manso glaciers, located on Mount Tronador in the Nahuel Huapi National Park (Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina) is presented. Subsurface water samples were filtered for colony counting and yeast isolation. The total yeast count ranged between 6 and 360 CFU L(-1). Physiologic and molecular methods were employed to identify 86 yeast isolates. In agreement with yeast diversity data from studies for Antarctic and Alpine glaciers, the genera Cryptococcus, Leucosporidiella, Dioszegia, Rhodotorula, Rhodosporidium, Mrakia, Sporobolomyces, Udeniomyces and Candida were found. Cryptococcus and Leucosporidiella accounted for 50% and 20% of the total number of strains, respectively. Among 21 identified yeast species, Cryptococcus sp. 1 and Leucosporidiella fragaria were the most frequent. The typically psychrophilic Mrakia yeast strain and three new yeast species, yet to be described, were also isolated. All yeast strains were able to grow at 5, 10, and 15 degrees C. Among yeast strains expressing extracellular enzymatic activity, higher proteolytic and lipolytic activities were obtained at 4 degrees C than at 20 degrees C.
              Article 0 comments Cited 47 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                : skyethomashall@gmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Extremophiles
                Title: Extremophiles
                Publisher: Springer Japan (Japan )
                ISSN (Print): 1431-0651
                ISSN (Electronic): 1433-4909
                Publication date (Electronic): 7 November 2009
                Publication date (Print): January 2010
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 47-59
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Biological Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW Australia
                [2 ]Department of Applied Biology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
                [3 ]Yeast Research Group, CBS-KNAW Fungal Diversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
                Author notes

                Communicated by A. Oren.

                Article
                Publisher ID: 286
                DOI: 10.1007/s00792-009-0286-7
                PMC ID: 2797416
                PubMed ID: 19898737
                SO-VID: 0382ea90-b8b4-44c1-92a1-e317eb49b0d7
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2009
                History
                Date received : 31 July 2009
                Date accepted : 9 October 2009
                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © Springer 2010

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: antarctic microbiology,taxonomy,psychrophiles,molecular phylogeny,cold adaptation
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: antarctic microbiology, taxonomy, psychrophiles, molecular phylogeny, cold adaptation

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