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      Behavioral plasticity can facilitate evolution in urban environments

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      Trends in Ecology & Evolution
      Elsevier BV

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          Global change and the ecology of cities.

          Urban areas are hot spots that drive environmental change at multiple scales. Material demands of production and human consumption alter land use and cover, biodiversity, and hydrosystems locally to regionally, and urban waste discharge affects local to global biogeochemical cycles and climate. For urbanites, however, global environmental changes are swamped by dramatic changes in the local environment. Urban ecology integrates natural and social sciences to study these radically altered local environments and their regional and global effects. Cities themselves present both the problems and solutions to sustainability challenges of an increasingly urbanized world.
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            Phenotypic Plasticity and the Origins of Diversity

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              Phenotypic plasticity's impacts on diversification and speciation.

              Phenotypic plasticity (the ability of a single genotype to produce multiple phenotypes in response to variation in the environment) is commonplace. Yet its evolutionary significance remains controversial, especially in regard to whether and how it impacts diversification and speciation. Here, we review recent theory on how plasticity promotes: (i) the origin of novel phenotypes, (ii) divergence among populations and species, (iii) the formation of new species and (iv) adaptive radiation. We also discuss the latest empirical support for each of these evolutionary pathways to diversification and identify potentially profitable areas for future research. Generally, phenotypic plasticity can play a largely underappreciated role in driving diversification and speciation. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Trends in Ecology & Evolution
                Trends in Ecology & Evolution
                Elsevier BV
                01695347
                September 2022
                September 2022
                Article
                10.1016/j.tree.2022.08.002
                36058767
                03520595-fdba-4c29-8e96-2fb1481e8a81
                © 2022

                https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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