Muros fronterizos, operativos de control y leyes: Algunos efectos colaterales de la frontera México-Estados Unidos, 1991-2021  <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Border Walls, Control Operations, and Laws: Some Collateral Effects of the United States-Mexico Border, 1991-2021 </span>

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Abstract

Resumen El artículo sintetiza una micro-historia del muro fronterizo, con énfasis en el área Tijuana- San Diego, cubriendo el periodo 1991-2021, en relación con la legislación, la vigilancia de la frontera y las deportaciones. El objetivo es analizar su evolución e impacto como eje del control fronterizo y como factor modelador de la estrategia de vigilancia de la frontera con México. Desde un enfoque cualitativo y basado en experiencia etnográfica, se hace un análisis del discurso orientado con información de campo. Esta intersección temática y entrelazamiento de métodos y técnicas con que se aborda es inédita. Se concluye que los ex presidentes Clinton, Bush junior y Obama fueron más determinantes que Trump. El muro fronterizo solo funciona junto con la Patrulla Fronteriza, el ICE y las deportaciones o el Border Wall System del suroeste.

Translated abstract

Abstract This paper synthesizes the micro-history of the border wall, highlighting the Tijuana-San Diego area in the period 1991-2021 in relation to legislation, border surveillance, and deportations. The objective is to analyze its evolution and impact as an axis of border control and as a modeling factor for the surveillance strategy of the border with Mexico. From a qualitative approach and based on ethnographic experience, a discourse analysis oriented by fieldwork information is made. This thematic intersection and intertwining of methods and techniques is unprecedented. After reviewing the main events, former presidents Clinton, Bush Jr., and Obama were more decisive than Trump. Border walls only work in conjunction with the Border Patrol, ICE, and deportations or the Southwest Border Wall System.

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Migrant “Illegality” and Deportability in Everyday Life

Nicholas De Genova (2002)

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Why Border Enforcement Backfired

Jorge Durand, Karen A Pren, Douglas Massey (2016)

In this article we undertake a systematic analysis of why border enforcement backfired as a strategy of immigration control in the United States. We argue theoretically that border enforcement emerged as a policy response to a moral panic about the perceived threat of Latino immigration to the United States propounded by self-interested bureaucrats, politicians, and pundits who sought to mobilize political and material resources for their own benefit. The end result was a self-perpetuating cycle of rising enforcement and increased apprehensions that resulted in the militarization of the border in a way that was disconnected from the actual size of the undocumented flow. Using an instrumental variable approach, we show how border militarization affected the behavior of unauthorized migrants and border outcomes to transform undocumented Mexican migration from a circular flow of male workers going to three states into an eleven-million person population of settled families living in 50 states.