4
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      Early dispersal of domestic horses into the Great Plains and northern Rockies

      1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 1 , 5 , 6 , 4 , 7 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 8 , 9 , 4 , 10 , 4 , 4 , 2 , 11 , 12 , 3 , 3 , 3 , 3 , 3 , 13 , 3 , 14 , 3 , 3 , 3 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 32 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 1 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 39 , 1 , 1 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 57 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 62 , 62 , 30 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 38 , 66 , 42 , 3 , 4 , 3
      Science
      American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPubMed
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          The horse is central to many Indigenous cultures across the American Southwest and the Great Plains. However, when and how horses were first integrated into Indigenous lifeways remain contentious, with extant models derived largely from colonial records. We conducted an interdisciplinary study of an assemblage of historic archaeological horse remains, integrating genomic, isotopic, radiocarbon, and paleopathological evidence. Archaeological and modern North American horses show strong Iberian genetic affinities, with later influx from British sources, but no Viking proximity. Horses rapidly spread from the south into the northern Rockies and central plains by the first half of the 17th century CE, likely through Indigenous exchange networks. They were deeply integrated into Indigenous societies before the arrival of 18th-century European observers, as reflected in herd management, ceremonial practices, and culture.

          Making a horse culture

          Horses evolved in North America and dispersed to Eurasia across the Bering Land Bridge. They continued to evolve and were domesticated in Eurasia, but, as far as we know, they became extinct in North America by the late Pleistocene and were then reintroduced by European colonizers. Taylor et al . looked at the genetics of horses across the Old and New Worlds and studied archaeological samples. They found no evidence for direct Pleistocene ancestry of North American horses, but they did find that horses of European descent had been integrated into indigenous cultures across western North America long before the arrival of Europeans in that region. —SNV

          Abstract

          Indigenous societies adopted horses of primarily Spanish origin before Europeans arrived in the Great Plains and the American West.

          Related collections

          Most cited references103

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2.

          As the rate of sequencing increases, greater throughput is demanded from read aligners. The full-text minute index is often used to make alignment very fast and memory-efficient, but the approach is ill-suited to finding longer, gapped alignments. Bowtie 2 combines the strengths of the full-text minute index with the flexibility and speed of hardware-accelerated dynamic programming algorithms to achieve a combination of high speed, sensitivity and accuracy.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            IQ-TREE: A Fast and Effective Stochastic Algorithm for Estimating Maximum-Likelihood Phylogenies

            Large phylogenomics data sets require fast tree inference methods, especially for maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenies. Fast programs exist, but due to inherent heuristics to find optimal trees, it is not clear whether the best tree is found. Thus, there is need for additional approaches that employ different search strategies to find ML trees and that are at the same time as fast as currently available ML programs. We show that a combination of hill-climbing approaches and a stochastic perturbation method can be time-efficiently implemented. If we allow the same CPU time as RAxML and PhyML, then our software IQ-TREE found higher likelihoods between 62.2% and 87.1% of the studied alignments, thus efficiently exploring the tree-space. If we use the IQ-TREE stopping rule, RAxML and PhyML are faster in 75.7% and 47.1% of the DNA alignments and 42.2% and 100% of the protein alignments, respectively. However, the range of obtaining higher likelihoods with IQ-TREE improves to 73.3-97.1%.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses.

              Whole-genome association studies (WGAS) bring new computational, as well as analytic, challenges to researchers. Many existing genetic-analysis tools are not designed to handle such large data sets in a convenient manner and do not necessarily exploit the new opportunities that whole-genome data bring. To address these issues, we developed PLINK, an open-source C/C++ WGAS tool set. With PLINK, large data sets comprising hundreds of thousands of markers genotyped for thousands of individuals can be rapidly manipulated and analyzed in their entirety. As well as providing tools to make the basic analytic steps computationally efficient, PLINK also supports some novel approaches to whole-genome data that take advantage of whole-genome coverage. We introduce PLINK and describe the five main domains of function: data management, summary statistics, population stratification, association analysis, and identity-by-descent estimation. In particular, we focus on the estimation and use of identity-by-state and identity-by-descent information in the context of population-based whole-genome studies. This information can be used to detect and correct for population stratification and to identify extended chromosomal segments that are shared identical by descent between very distantly related individuals. Analysis of the patterns of segmental sharing has the potential to map disease loci that contain multiple rare variants in a population-based linkage analysis.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                Science
                Science
                American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
                0036-8075
                1095-9203
                March 31 2023
                March 31 2023
                : 379
                : 6639
                : 1316-1323
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
                [2 ]Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
                [3 ]Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse (CAGT, CNRS UMR5288), University Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, 31000 Toulouse, France.
                [4 ]Oglala Lakota, Pine Ridge Reservation, SD 57770, USA.
                [5 ]Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma, Pawnee, OK 74058, USA.
                [6 ]Tribal Historian, Comanche Nation, Galindo Environmental Consulting LLC, Austin, TX 78757, USA.
                [7 ]Lakota, Pine Ridge Reservation, SD 57770, USA.
                [8 ]International Indian Treaty Council, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA.
                [9 ]Sicangu Lakota, Rosebud Indian Reservation, SD 57570, USA.
                [10 ]He’Sapa Unity Alliance Council of Elders, SD 57770, USA.
                [11 ]Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe (Lakota), Eagle Butte, SD 57625, USA.
                [12 ]Pueblo of Acoma, Acoma, NM 87034, USA.
                [13 ]Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, 4051 Basel, Switzerland.
                [14 ]Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
                [15 ]Institute of Culture and Environment, Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA.
                [16 ]Deg Xit’an (Athabascan), Shageluk Tribe of Interior Alaska, Shageluk, AK 99665, USA.
                [17 ]Kentucky Archaeological Survey, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA.
                [18 ]W.S. Webb Museum of Anthropology, University of Kentucky, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA.
                [19 ]Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
                [20 ]Laboratorio de Paleontología y Paleobiología, Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
                [21 ]Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI UMR1313, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350 Paris, France.
                [22 ]Musée de l’Armée, Hôtel des Invalides, 75007 Paris, France.
                [23 ]The Royal Danish Academy, Institute of Conservation, 1435 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
                [24 ]Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
                [25 ]University of Southampton Faculty of Arts and Humanities (Archaeology), Southampton SO17 1BF, UK.
                [26 ]Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
                [27 ]Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique (AASPE), CP 56, 75005 Paris, France.
                [28 ]Faculty of History, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2RL, UK.
                [29 ]Oxford Nizami Ganjavi Centre, Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2LE, UK.
                [30 ]Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d’Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91000 Évry, France.
                [31 ]Biology Department, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
                [32 ]Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia.
                [33 ]Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
                [34 ]Department of Information Systems, College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia.
                [35 ]Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
                [36 ]Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
                [37 ]School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.
                [38 ]isoTROPIC Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology, 07745 Jena, Germany.
                [39 ]Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
                [40 ]Archaeological consultant, Omaha, NE 68131, USA.
                [41 ]Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
                [42 ]Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
                [43 ]Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA.
                [44 ]SWCA Environmental Consultants, Inc., Sheridan, WY 82801, USA.
                [45 ]Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
                [46 ]Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
                [47 ]Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa.
                [48 ]Department of History, Anthropology, Philosophy, Political Science, and Department of Spanish, Adams State University, Alamosa, CO 81101, USA.
                [49 ]Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Unidad Académica Río Gallegos (ICASUR), Laboratorio de Arqueología Dr. Luis A. Borrero, CONICET, 9400 Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina.
                [50 ]Quaternary Palaeontology Program, Royal Alberta Museum, Edmonton, AB T5J 0G2, Canada.
                [51 ]Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.
                [52 ]Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
                [53 ]Dartmoor Hill Pony Association, Corndonford Farm, Poundsgate, Devon TQ13 7PP, UK.
                [54 ]Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK.
                [55 ]Department of Agriculture and Industry, Sul Ross State University, Alpine, TX 79832, USA.
                [56 ]Department of Virology, Florida Department of Health, Jacksonville, FL 32202, USA.
                [57 ]Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
                [58 ]Xeni Gwet’in First Nations Government, 150-Milehouse, BC V0K 2G0, Canada.
                [59 ]McCrory Wildlife Services Ltd., New Denver, BC V0G 1S1, Canada.
                [60 ]Center for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
                [61 ]Department of Animal Science, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
                [62 ]Plateforme GeT-PlaGe, Génome et Transcriptome, US1426, Centre INRAe Occitanie, 31326 Auzeville, France.
                [63 ]UA Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
                [64 ]Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
                [65 ]Oklahoma Archeological Survey, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
                [66 ]Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology, 07745 Jena, Germany.
                Article
                10.1126/science.adc9691
                36996225
                02a542ff-5f7f-459b-b5eb-cc25cd829eab
                © 2023

                Free to read

                History

                Comments

                Comment on this article