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      Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitors for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease: Past, Present, and Future

      review-article
      Author(s): a , b , a , c , *
      Publication date (Electronic, preprint):
      Publication date (Electronic, pub):
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      Journal: Journal of Parkinson's Disease
      Publisher: IOS Press
      Keywords: Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors, Parkinson’s disease, selegiline, rasagiline, safinamide

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          Abstract

          Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors are commonly used for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). MAO-B inhibitor monotherapy has been shown to be effective and safe for the treatment of early-stage PD, while MAO-B inhibitors as adjuvant drugs have been widely applied for the treatment of the advanced stages of the illness. MAO-B inhibitors can effectively improve patients’ motor and non-motor symptoms, reduce “OFF” time, and may potentially prevent/delay disease progression. In this review, we discuss the effects of MAO-B inhibitors on motor and non-motor symptoms in PD patients, their mechanism of action, and the future development of MAO-B inhibitor therapy.

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          Most cited references146

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          Parkinson's disease.

          Lorraine Kalia, Anthony Lang (2015)
          Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder with evolving layers of complexity. It has long been characterised by the classical motor features of parkinsonism associated with Lewy bodies and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. However, the symptomatology of Parkinson's disease is now recognised as heterogeneous, with clinically significant non-motor features. Similarly, its pathology involves extensive regions of the nervous system, various neurotransmitters, and protein aggregates other than just Lewy bodies. The cause of Parkinson's disease remains unknown, but risk of developing Parkinson's disease is no longer viewed as primarily due to environmental factors. Instead, Parkinson's disease seems to result from a complicated interplay of genetic and environmental factors affecting numerous fundamental cellular processes. The complexity of Parkinson's disease is accompanied by clinical challenges, including an inability to make a definitive diagnosis at the earliest stages of the disease and difficulties in the management of symptoms at later stages. Furthermore, there are no treatments that slow the neurodegenerative process. In this Seminar, we review these complexities and challenges of Parkinson's disease.
          Article 0 comments Cited 1473 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Global, regional, and national burden of Parkinson's disease, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

            E Dorsey, Alexis Elbaz, Emma Nichols … (2019)
            Summary Background Neurological disorders are now the leading source of disability globally, and ageing is increasing the burden of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease. We aimed to determine the global burden of Parkinson's disease between 1990 and 2016 to identify trends and to enable appropriate public health, medical, and scientific responses. Methods Through a systematic analysis of epidemiological studies, we estimated global, regional, and country-specific prevalence and years of life lived with disability for Parkinson's disease from 1990 to 2016. We estimated the proportion of mild, moderate, and severe Parkinson's disease on the basis of studies that used the Hoehn and Yahr scale and assigned disability weights to each level. We jointly modelled prevalence and excess mortality risk in a natural history model to derive estimates of deaths due to Parkinson's disease. Death counts were multiplied by values from the Global Burden of Disease study's standard life expectancy to compute years of life lost. Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were computed as the sum of years lived with disability and years of life lost. We also analysed results based on the Socio-demographic Index, a compound measure of income per capita, education, and fertility. Findings In 2016, 6·1 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 5·0–7·3) individuals had Parkinson's disease globally, compared with 2·5 million (2·0–3·0) in 1990. This increase was not solely due to increasing numbers of older people, because age-standardised prevalence rates increased by 21·7% (95% UI 18·1–25·3) over the same period (compared with an increase of 74·3%, 95% UI 69·2–79·6, for crude prevalence rates). Parkinson's disease caused 3·2 million (95% UI 2·6–4·0) DALYs and 211 296 deaths (95% UI 167 771–265 160) in 2016. The male-to-female ratios of age-standardised prevalence rates were similar in 2016 (1·40, 95% UI 1·36–1·43) and 1990 (1·37, 1·34–1·40). From 1990 to 2016, age-standardised prevalence, DALY rates, and death rates increased for all global burden of disease regions except for southern Latin America, eastern Europe, and Oceania. In addition, age-standardised DALY rates generally increased across the Socio-demographic Index. Interpretation Over the past generation, the global burden of Parkinson's disease has more than doubled as a result of increasing numbers of older people, with potential contributions from longer disease duration and environmental factors. Demographic and potentially other factors are poised to increase the future burden of Parkinson's disease substantially. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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              Non-motor features of Parkinson disease

              Anthony H.V. Schapira, K Chaudhuri, Peter Jenner (2017)
              Parkinson disease is often characterized as a disorder of movement; however, it is also associated with many non-motor features, some of which appear early in the disease course. In this article, Schapira and colleagues provide an overview of these diverse features and their neurobiological basis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Parkinsons Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Parkinsons Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JPD
                Title: Journal of Parkinson's Disease
                Publisher: IOS Press (Nieuwe Hemweg 6B, 1013 BG Amsterdam, The Netherlands )
                ISSN (Print): 1877-7171
                ISSN (Electronic): 1877-718X
                Publication date (Electronic, preprint): 21 December 2021
                Publication date (Electronic, pub): 15 February 2022
                Publication date (Electronic, collection): 2022
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 477-493
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
                [b ] Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, King’s College, London, UK
                [c ]Lab for Translational Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Immunochemistry, Shanghai Tech University , Shanghai, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence to: Sheng-Di Chen, Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Lab for Translational Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Immunochemistry, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China. E-mail: chensd@ 123456rjh.com.cn .
                Article
                Publisher ID: JPD212976
                DOI: 10.3233/JPD-212976
                PMC ID: 8925102
                PubMed ID: 34957948
                SO-VID: 01f0cc6d-c493-4d4e-9e16-775a49084acb
                Copyright © © 2022 – The authors. Published by IOS Press
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date accepted : 30 November 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: monoamine oxidase-b inhibitors,parkinson’s disease,selegiline,rasagiline,safinamide
                Data availability:
                Keywords: monoamine oxidase-b inhibitors, parkinson’s disease, selegiline, rasagiline, safinamide

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