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      Boosting ethics review capacity in public health emergency situations: Co‐creation of a training model for French‐speaking research ethics committees

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          Abstract

          Background

          Ethics review preparedness is a major foundation for national effective response to public health emergencies, because it promotes pertinent research and enhances the protection of research participants and communities. In low‐income countries, it can also promote equitable research partnership. However, most relevant literature is in English and not easily accessible for the members of research ethics committees in French‐speaking African countries.

          Methods

          A training module in French, addressing the issue of research ethics review during outbreaks and other public health emergencies, was designed based on a non‐systematic literature review, and in order to be complementary to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) national guidelines for ethics review. The module was administered to 42 members of the five ethics committees in DRC that expressed their interest for the training.

          Result

          This training, co‐designed with local stakeholders, in the local working language and taking into account local circumstances and regulation, provided participants with up‐to‐date insights of research ethics (and research ethics preparedness) in public health emergencies. It resulted in rich reflection and knowledge‐sharing on good practices across the ethics committees.

          Conclusion

          As most participating ethics committees do not have yet explicit standard operating procedures for expedited review of protocols submitted in emergency situations, this would be a next important step to facilitate emergency reviews in the most efficient way.

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          Most cited references29

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          Development and validation of SEER (Seeking, Engaging with and Evaluating Research): a measure of policymakers’ capacity to engage with and use research

          Background Capacity building strategies are widely used to increase the use of research in policy development. However, a lack of well-validated measures for policy contexts has hampered efforts to identify priorities for capacity building and to evaluate the impact of strategies. We aimed to address this gap by developing SEER (Seeking, Engaging with and Evaluating Research), a self-report measure of individual policymakers’ capacity to engage with and use research. Methods We used the SPIRIT Action Framework to identify pertinent domains and guide development of items for measuring each domain. Scales covered (1) individual capacity to use research (confidence in using research, value placed on research, individual perceptions of the value their organisation places on research, supporting tools and systems), (2) actions taken to engage with research and researchers, and (3) use of research to inform policy (extent and type of research use). A sample of policymakers engaged in health policy development provided data to examine scale reliability (internal consistency, test-retest) and validity (relation to measures of similar concepts, relation to a measure of intention to use research, internal structure of the individual capacity scales). Results Response rates were 55% (150/272 people, 12 agencies) for the validity and internal consistency analyses, and 54% (57/105 people, 9 agencies) for test-retest reliability. The individual capacity scales demonstrated adequate internal consistency reliability (alpha coefficients > 0.7, all four scales) and test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficients > 0.7 for three scales and 0.59 for fourth scale). Scores on individual capacity scales converged as predicted with measures of similar concepts (moderate correlations of > 0.4), and confirmatory factor analysis provided evidence that the scales measured related but distinct concepts. Items in each of these four scales related as predicted to concepts in the measurement model derived from the SPIRIT Action Framework. Evidence about the reliability and validity of the research engagement actions and research use scales was equivocal. Conclusions Initial testing of SEER suggests that the four individual capacity scales may be used in policy settings to examine current capacity and identify areas for capacity building. The relation between capacity, research engagement actions and research use requires further investigation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12961-016-0162-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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            Navigating social and ethical challenges of biobanking for human microbiome research

            Background Biobanks are considered to be key infrastructures for research development and have generated a lot of debate about their ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI). While the focus has been on human genomic research, rapid advances in human microbiome research further complicate the debate. Discussion We draw on two cystic fibrosis biobanks in Toronto, Canada, to illustrate our points. The biobanks have been established to facilitate sample and data sharing for research into the link between disease progression and microbial dynamics in the lungs of pediatric and adult patients. We begin by providing an overview of some of the ELSI associated with human microbiome research, particularly on the implications for the broader society. We then discuss ethical considerations regarding the identifiability of samples biobanked for human microbiome research, and examine the issue of return of results and incidental findings. We argue that, for the purposes of research ethics oversight, human microbiome research samples should be treated with the same privacy considerations as human tissues samples. We also suggest that returning individual microbiome-related findings could provide a powerful clinical tool for care management, but highlight the need for a more grounded understanding of contextual factors that may be unique to human microbiome research. Conclusions We revisit the ELSI of biobanking and consider the impact that human microbiome research might have. Our discussion focuses on identifiability of human microbiome research samples, and return of research results and incidental findings for clinical management.
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              Menstrual hygiene management in schools: midway progress update on the “MHM in Ten” 2014–2024 global agenda

              Progress has been made in recent years to bring attention to the challenges faced by school-aged girls around managing menstruation in educational settings that lack adequate physical environments and social support in low- and middle-income countries. To enable more synergistic and sustained progress on addressing menstruation-related needs while in school, an effort was undertaken in 2014 to map out a vision, priorities, and a ten-year agenda for transforming girls’ experiences, referred to as Menstrual Hygiene Management in Ten (MHM in Ten). The overarching vision is that girls have the information, support, and enabling school environment for managing menstruation with dignity, safety and comfort by 2024. This requires improved research evidence and translation for impactful national level policies. As 2019 marked the midway point, we assessed progress made on the five key priorities, and remaining work to be done, through global outreach to the growing network of academics, non-governmental organizations, advocates, social entrepreneurs, United Nations agencies, donors, and national governments. This paper delineates the key insights to inform and support the growing MHM commitment globally to maximize progress to reach our vision by 2024. Corresponding to the five priorities, we found that (priority 1) the evidence base for MHM in schools has strengthened considerably, (priority 2) global guidelines for MHM in schools have yet to be created, and (priority 3) numerous evidence-based advocacy platforms have emerged to support MHM efforts. We also identified (priority 4) a growing engagement, responsibility, and ownership of MHM in schools among governments globally, and that although MHM is beginning to be integrated into country-level education systems (priority 5), resources are lacking. Overall, progress is being made against identified priorities. We provide recommendations for advancing the MHM in Ten agenda. This includes continued building of the evidence, and expanding the number of countries with national level policies and the requisite funding and capacity to truly transform schools for all students and teachers who menstruate.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                rravinetto@itg.be
                Journal
                Trop Med Int Health
                Trop Med Int Health
                10.1111/(ISSN)1365-3156
                TMI
                Tropical Medicine & International Health
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                1360-2276
                1365-3156
                05 September 2022
                October 2022
                : 27
                : 10 ( doiID: 10.1111/tmi.v27.10 )
                : 934-940
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo
                [ 2 ] Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp Belgium
                [ 3 ] Comité National d'Ethique de la Santé Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo
                [ 4 ] Comité d'Ethique de l'Ecole de Santé Publique de Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo
                [ 5 ] Comité d'Ethique de l'Université Protestante au Congo Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo
                [ 6 ] Comité d'Ethique de l'Université Libre des Pays des Grands Lacs Goma Democratic Republic of Congo
                [ 7 ] Comité d'Ethique du Centre de Recherche en Santé de Kimpese Kimpese Democratic Republic of Congo
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Raffaella Ravinetto, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.

                Email: rravinetto@ 123456itg.be

                Article
                TMI13815
                10.1111/tmi.13815
                9826200
                36053926
                01dae577-34bc-416b-9ce7-fc7ff12e981b
                © 2022 The Authors Tropical Medicine & International Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 3, Pages: 7, Words: 5232
                Funding
                Funded by: FCDO/Wellcome grant , doi 10.13039/501100020171;
                Award ID: 214711/Z/18/Z
                Categories
                Research Article
                Research Articles
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                October 2022
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.2.3 mode:remove_FC converted:08.01.2023

                Medicine
                co‐creation,democratic republic of congo,developing countries,ethics,research,sub‐saharan africa,training

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