Avian leukosis virus subgroup J associated with the outbreak of erythroblastosis in chickens in China

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Abstract

Background

Emaciation, depression and lethargy were observed in two flocks of Chinese local breed and one flock of commercial layer chicken infected naturally from 2010 to 2011. The aims of this study were to diagnose.

Methods and results

Gross observation showed that severe enlargement of liver, spleen and kidney, and hemorrhage of thymus, muscle and glandular stomach in all submitted birds. The liver and lung of one flock had diffuse, multifocal white raised foci on the surface as well as on the cut-surface. Numerous erythrocytoblasts with bigger volume, basophilic cytoplasm and round nucleus were observed in blood and bone marrow smears. The same erythrocytoblasts were also found crowded in blood vessels and mesenchym of tissues by histological examination, and some had mitotic figures. PCR results showed that three flocks were positive for ALV-J with specific fragment of 924 bp, negative for AEV, ALV-A, ALV-B, Marek’s disease virus (MDV) and Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). The results of immunohistochemistry showed that cytoplasm of histiocytes and erythrocytoblasts in lung and spleen sections was positive for ALV-J antigen.

Conclusion

These data demonstrated that erythroblastosis was all induced by ALV-J in the three different flocks. This is the first document report of erythroblastosis induced by ALV-J in China flocks.

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Most cited references 16

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A novel subgroup of exogenous avian leukosis virus in chickens.

L N Payne, S R Brown, N Bumstead … (1991)

An avian leukosis virus with a wide host range belonging to a new subgroup for chickens was isolated from meat-type chicken lines. The virus, of which HPRS-103 strain is the prototype, was of low oncogenicity in chickens but appeared to behave like an exogenous leukosis virus. Neutralizing antibodies to the virus were found in three of five meat-type chicken lines, but not in seven layer lines. The virus and its Rous sarcoma virus pseudotype did not replicate in, or transform, mammalian cells.

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Retrovirus-induced disease in poultry.

L.N. PAYNE (1998)

Three species of avian retrovirus cause disease in poultry: the avian leukosis/sarcoma virus (ALSV), reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), and lymphoproliferative disease virus (LPDV) of turkeys. The ALSV can be classified as slowly transforming viruses, which lack a viral oncogene, and acutely transforming viruses, which possess a viral oncogene. Slowly transforming viruses induce late onset leukoses of the B cell lymphoid, erythroid, and myeloid cell lineages, and other tumors, by viral promoter insertion into the genome of a host cell and activation of a cellular protooncogene. The various acutely transforming leukemia and sarcoma viruses induce leukotic or other tumors rapidly and carry one or anther (sometimes two) viral oncogenes, of which some 15 have been identified. The ALSV fall into six envelope subgroups, A through E, and the recently recognized J subgroup, which induces myeloid leukosis. With the exception of Subgroup E viruses, these viruses spread vertically and horizontally as infectious virions, and are termed exogenous viruses. Subgroup E viruses are usually spread genetically as DNA proviruses (often defective) in host germ cell genome, and are termed endogenous viruses. Several other families of endogenous viruses also exist, one of which, endogenous avian retrovirus (EAV), is related to Subgroup J ALV. Exogenous viruses, and sometimes endogenous viruses, can have detrimental effects on commercially important production traits. Exogenous viruses are currently controlled by virus eradication schemes. Reticuloendotheliosis virus, which lacks a viral oncogene, causes chronic B cell and T-cell lymphomas in chickens, and also chronic lymphomas in turkeys and other species of birds. An acutely transforming variant of REV, Strain T, carries a viral oncogene, and induces reticuloendotheliosis within a few days. In chickens and turkeys, REV spreads vertically and horizontally. No commercial control schemes are operated. In turkeys, LPDV infection has occurred in several countries, where it caused a lymphoproliferative disease of uncertain nature.

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Myeloid leukaemogenicity and transmission of the HPRS-103 strain of avian leukosis virus.

Geraldine M A Gillespie, Natalie L. Payne, K Howes (1992)

The HPRS-103 strain of avian leukosis virus (ALV) was isolated recently from meat-type chickens and represents a new envelope subgroup. Its oncogenicity has been studied in three meat-type and five Leghorn strains of chickens. In the meat-type strains, the virus, following embryonal inoculation, induced an overall incidence of 27% myelocytic myeloid leukosis (myelocytomatosis) and 12% renal adenomas, with long median latent periods. Amongst the Leghorn lines, these tumors occurred with similar incidence in line 0, but with lower or zero incidences in the other lines. A variety of other tumours occurred with low incidence. Embryonal infection resulted in a permanently tolerant viraemic state with shedding of ALV group specific (gs)-antigen to egg albumen; contact infection resulted mainly in the development of non-shedder birds with serum virus-neutralising antibodies. Contact infection in a meat-type line was associated with the development of transient or permanent viraemia in some birds, and a low tumour incidence. A viraemic phase was not detected following contact infection in a Leghorn line and no tumours developed. The long latent period between embryo infection and tumour mortality, apparently differing from the consequences of infection with acutely transforming ALVs, and the inability of HPRS-103 ALV to transform cultured bone marrow cells, suggests that this virus may lack a viral oncogene and exert its oncogenic properties by some other mechanism such as promoter insertion activation of a cellular oncogene.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Virol J

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Virol. J

Title: Virology Journal

Publisher: BioMed Central

ISSN (Electronic): 1743-422X

Publication date Collection: 2013

Publication date (Electronic): 22 March 2013

Volume: 10

Page: 92

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Fundamental Veterinary, Molecular pathology lab, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China

[2 ]Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China

Article

Publisher ID: 1743-422X-10-92

DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-10-92

PMC ID: 3614479

PubMed ID: 23521848

SO-VID: 00ef4d00-6312-43e5-af95-59d72c98c3dd

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J associated with the outbreak of erythroblastosis in chickens in China

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Abstract

Background

Methods and results

Conclusion

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Coronaviruses, COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2

Most cited references 16

A novel subgroup of exogenous avian leukosis virus in chickens.

Retrovirus-induced disease in poultry.

Myeloid leukaemogenicity and transmission of the HPRS-103 strain of avian leukosis virus.

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