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      Interacciones en el tratamiento antitrombótico e hipoglucemiante Translated title: Interactions in antithrombotic and hypoglycemic therapy

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          Abstract

          Resumen Esta revisión consiste en una puesta al día del tratamiento antiplaquetario y la interacción que presenta con los hipoglucemiantes orales en pacientes diabéticos con cardiopatía isquémica. Re sumimos los principales mecanismos fisiopatológicos que intervienen en el aumento del riesgo cardiovascular en este grupo, los efectos de la combinación entre los hipoglucemiantes orales, sus efectos antitrombóticos y su interacción con los antiplaquetarios y, por último, los trabajos que estudiaron los beneficios de los antiplaque tarios en pacientes diabéticos en diferentes escenarios de la cardiopatía isquémica. Los variados mecanismos de acción implican una mejora del control de la glucemia, del aumento de la biodisponibilidad del óxido nítrico, reducción del estrés oxidativo y, para ciertas moléculas, una inhibición directa de la activación y de la agregación plaquetaria.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract This review is an update on antiplatelet therapy and its interaction with oral hypoglycemic agents in diabetic patients with ischemic heart disease. We summarize the main pathophysiological mechanisms that intervene in diabetic patients and that increase the ischemic risk, the effects of the combination of oral hypoglycemic agents, their antithrombotic ef fects and their interaction with antiplatelet, and finally the studies that demonstrated the benefits of antiplatelet in diabetic patients in different scenarios of ischemic heart disease. The different mechanisms of action involve improved glycemic control, increased bioavailability of nitric oxide, reduced oxidative stress and, for certain mol ecules, direct inhibition of platelet activation and aggregation.

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          Most cited references60

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          Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes

          The cardiovascular effect of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, when added to standard care in patients with type 2 diabetes, remains unknown.
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            Long-term use of ticagrelor in patients with prior myocardial infarction.

            The potential benefit of dual antiplatelet therapy beyond 1 year after a myocardial infarction has not been established. We investigated the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor, a P2Y12 receptor antagonist with established efficacy after an acute coronary syndrome, in this context. We randomly assigned, in a double-blind 1:1:1 fashion, 21,162 patients who had had a myocardial infarction 1 to 3 years earlier to ticagrelor at a dose of 90 mg twice daily, ticagrelor at a dose of 60 mg twice daily, or placebo. All the patients were to receive low-dose aspirin and were followed for a median of 33 months. The primary efficacy end point was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The primary safety end point was Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) major bleeding. The two ticagrelor doses each reduced, as compared with placebo, the rate of the primary efficacy end point, with Kaplan-Meier rates at 3 years of 7.85% in the group that received 90 mg of ticagrelor twice daily, 7.77% in the group that received 60 mg of ticagrelor twice daily, and 9.04% in the placebo group (hazard ratio for 90 mg of ticagrelor vs. placebo, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75 to 0.96; P=0.008; hazard ratio for 60 mg of ticagrelor vs. placebo, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.95; P=0.004). Rates of TIMI major bleeding were higher with ticagrelor (2.60% with 90 mg and 2.30% with 60 mg) than with placebo (1.06%) (P<0.001 for each dose vs. placebo); the rates of intracranial hemorrhage or fatal bleeding in the three groups were 0.63%, 0.71%, and 0.60%, respectively. In patients with a myocardial infarction more than 1 year previously, treatment with ticagrelor significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke and increased the risk of major bleeding. (Funded by AstraZeneca; PEGASUS-TIMI 54 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01225562.).
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              A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). CAPRIE Steering Committee.

              (1996)
              Many clinical trials have evaluated the benefit of long-term use of antiplatelet drugs in reducing the risk of clinical thrombotic events. Aspirin and ticlopidine have been shown to be effective, but both have potentially serious adverse effects. Clopidogrel, a new thienopyridine derivative similar to ticlopidine, is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate. CAPRIE was a randomised, blinded, international trial designed to assess the relative efficacy of clopidogrel (75 mg once daily) and aspirin (325 mg once daily) in reducing the risk of a composite outcome cluster of ischaemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death; their relative safety was also assessed. The population studied comprised subgroups of patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease manifested as either recent ischaemic stroke, recent myocardial infarction, or symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. Patients were followed for 1 to 3 years. 19,185 patients, with more than 6300 in each of the clinical subgroups, were recruited over 3 years, with a mean follow-up of 1.91 years. There were 1960 first events included in the outcome cluster on which an intention-to-treat analysis showed that patients treated with clopidogrel had an annual 5.32% risk of ischaemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death compared with 5.83% with aspirin. These rates reflect a statistically significant (p = 0.043) relative-risk reduction of 8.7% in favour of clopidogrel (95% Cl 0.3-16.5). Corresponding on-treatment analysis yielded a relative-risk reduction of 9.4%. There were no major differences in terms of safety. Reported adverse experiences in the clopidogrel and aspirin groups judged to be severe included rash (0.26% vs 0.10%), diarrhoea (0.23% vs 0.11%), upper gastrointestinal discomfort (0.97% vs 1.22%), intracranial haemorrhage (0.33% vs 0.47%), and gastrointestinal haemorrhage (0.52% vs 0.72%), respectively. There were ten (0.10%) patients in the clopidogrel group with significant reductions in neutrophils (< 1.2 x 10(9)/L) and 16 (0.17%) in the aspirin group. Long-term administration of clopidogrel to patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease is more effective than aspirin in reducing the combined risk of ischaemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death. The overall safety profile of clopidogrel is at least as good as that of medium-dose aspirin.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                medba
                Medicina (Buenos Aires)
                Medicina (B. Aires)
                Fundación Revista Medicina (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, , Argentina )
                0025-7680
                1669-9106
                December 2022
                : 82
                : 6
                : 934-942
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameSanatorio Allende Nueva Córdoba orgdiv1Unidad Coronaria
                [2] Córdoba orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Médicas orgdiv2Cátedra de Farmacología General Argentina
                Article
                S0025-76802022001000934 S0025-7680(22)08200600934
                00d9b125-ccac-4120-8a8b-2cfed82531cf

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 June 2022
                : 29 August 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 60, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Argentina


                Antidiabéticos,Hypoglycemic drugs,Antidiabetic drugs,Coronary artery disease,Antiplatelet agents,Drogas hipoglucemiantes,Enfermedad coronaria,Agentes antiplaquetarios

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