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      Evaluation of blood pressure through home monitoring in brazilian primary care: a feasibility study Translated title: Avaliação da pressão arterial através da monitorização residencial na atenção básica brasileira: um estudo de viabilidade

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          Abstract

          Abstract Blood pressure measurements taken in a clinical setting are subject to errors, therefore there are advantages to monitoring blood pressure at home, especially in in patients diagnosed with hypertension. The study describes the feasibility of home monitoring to assess blood pressure in primary care and compares blood pressure measured at home and during a medical consultation. This cross-sectional study was carried out with patients whose used home blood pressure in the morning and evening, thrice for seven consecutive day sat home. Participants included patients older than 18 years with suspected whitecoat hypertension, taking antihypertensives, or those intolerant of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and excluded patients who did not follow the protocol, suffered from an irregular heart rate, and pregnant women. Of the 134 patients who participated in the study, 63.3% had altered blood pressure when measured at health facilities and 48% had higher blood pressure at home. The mean difference between the methods was 10.1 mmHg for systolic and 4.3 mmHg for diastolic. The prevalence of whitecoat hypertension was 19.4%. Blood pressure monitoring at home is a practicable strategy in the Brazilian healthcare system.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo A medição da pressão arterial no consultório está sujeita a erros; assim, a monitorização residencial da pressão arterial é utilizada para o monitoramento e diagnóstico da hipertensão. Descrever a viabilidade da monitorização residencial para avaliar a pressão arterial na atenção primária e comparar os valores da pressão arterial através da monitorização residencial e medida de consultório. Estudo transversal realizado com pacientes que utilizaram a monitorização residencial pela manhã e pela noite, em triplicata por sete dias consecutivos em domicílio. Foram incluídos pacientes maiores de 18 anos, com suspeita de hipertensão do avental branco, utilizando anti-hipertensivos ou intolerantes a monitorização ambulatorial. Foram excluídos pacientes que não seguiram o protocolo, aqueles que apresentavam ritmo cardíaco irregular ou mulheres grávidas. 134 pacientes participaram do estudo, 63,3% apresentaram pressão arterial alteradas em consultório e 48% pela monitorização residencial. A diferença média dos métodos foi de 10,1 mmHg para sistólica e 4,3 mmHg para diastólica. A prevalência de hipertensão do avental branco foi 19,4%. A monitorização residencial da pressão arterial no sistema de saúde brasileiro provou ser uma estratégia viável.

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          Most cited references29

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          Cost-effectiveness of options for the diagnosis of high blood pressure in primary care: a modelling study.

          The diagnosis of hypertension has traditionally been based on blood-pressure measurements in the clinic, but home and ambulatory measurements better correlate with cardiovascular outcome, and ambulatory monitoring is more accurate than both clinic and home monitoring in diagnosing hypertension. We aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of different diagnostic strategies for hypertension. We did a Markov model-based probabilistic cost-effectiveness analysis. We used a hypothetical primary-care population aged 40 years or older with a screening blood-pressure measurement greater than 140/90 mm Hg and risk-factor prevalence equivalent to the general population. We compared three diagnostic strategies-further blood pressure measurement in the clinic, at home, and with an ambulatory monitor-in terms of lifetime costs, quality-adjusted life years, and cost-effectiveness. Ambulatory monitoring was the most cost-effective strategy for the diagnosis of hypertension for men and women of all ages. It was cost-saving for all groups (from -£56 [95% CI -105 to -10] in men aged 75 years to -£323 [-389 to -222] in women aged 40 years) and resulted in more quality-adjusted life years for men and women older than 50 years (from 0·006 [0·000 to 0·015] for women aged 60 years to 0·022 [0·012 to 0·035] for men aged 70 years). This finding was robust when assessed with a wide range of deterministic sensitivity analyses around the base case, but was sensitive if home monitoring was judged to have equal test performance to ambulatory monitoring or if treatment was judged effective irrespective of whether an individual was hypertensive. Ambulatory monitoring as a diagnostic strategy for hypertension after an initial raised reading in the clinic would reduce misdiagnosis and save costs. Additional costs from ambulatory monitoring are counterbalanced by cost savings from better targeted treatment. Ambulatory monitoring is recommended for most patients before the start of antihypertensive drugs. National Institute for Health Research and the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Effects of blood-pressure measurement by the doctor on patient's blood pressure and heart rate.

            Changes in blood pressure in 10 or 15 min periods during which a doctor repeatedly measured blood pressure by the cuff method were monitored by a continuous intra-arterial recorder. In almost all the 48 normotensive and hypertensive subjects tested the doctor's arrival at the bedside induced immediate rises in systolic and diastolic blood pressures peaking within 1 to 4 min (mean 26.7 +/- 2.3 mm Hg and 14.9 +/- 1.6 mm Hg above pre-visit values). There were large differences between individuals in the peak response (range, 4--75 mm Hg systolic and 1--36 mm Hg diastolic) unrelated to age, sex, baseline blood pressure, or blood-pressure variability. There was concomitant tachycardia (average peak response 15.9 +/- 1.5 beats/min, range 4--45 beats/min) which was only slightly correlated with the blood-pressure rise. After the peak response blood pressure declined and at the end of the visit was only slightly above the pre-visit level. A second visit by the same doctor did not change the average size of the early pressor response or the slope of its subsequent decline.
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              European Society of Hypertension guidelines for blood pressure monitoring at home: a summary report of the Second International Consensus Conference on Home Blood Pressure Monitoring.

              This document summarizes the available evidence and provides recommendations on the use of home blood pressure monitoring in clinical practice and in research. It updates the previous recommendations on the same topic issued in year 2000. The main topics addressed include the methodology of home blood pressure monitoring, its diagnostic and therapeutic thresholds, its clinical applications in hypertension, with specific reference to special populations, and its applications in research. The final section deals with the problems related to the implementation of these recommendations in clinical practice.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csc
                Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
                Ciênc. saúde coletiva
                ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1413-8123
                1678-4561
                August 2021
                : 26
                : 7
                : 2997-3004
                Affiliations
                [2] Vitória da Conquista orgnameUniversidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia Brazil
                [1] Vitória da Conquista Bahia orgnameUniversidade Federal da Bahia orgdiv1Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde Brazil jehhmoreno@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S1413-81232021000802997 S1413-8123(21)02600802997
                10.1590/1413-81232021268.17012020
                007acaed-31cd-45d2-840b-1fc88098e364

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 June 2020
                : 09 March 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial,Pressão arterial,Hipertensão,Home blood pressure monitoring,Blood pressure,Hypertension

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