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      Efecto del daño de vías dopaminérgicas mesencefálicas en la conducta adictiva al tabaco: Revisión generadora de una hipótesis Translated title: Mesencephalic dopaminergic tract lesions in tobacco addiction behavior: A review of mechanisms of disease and an hypothesis

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          Abstract

          El tabaquismo es la enfermedad prevenible que se relaciona con más problemas de salud y causas de muerte en el mundo. Se ha estimado una prevalencia de 1,100 millones de personas en el mundo con adicción al tabaco. La adicción a la nicotina depende de múltiples factores; está documentado que el sistema nervioso central desempeña un importante papel en su desarrollo a través de la estimulación de receptores neuronales dopaminérgicos por la nicotina. La dopamina tiene su principal síntesis en las neuronas de la sustancia nigra y área tegmental ventral del mesencéfalo, las cuales se proyectan hacia los núcleos básales y núcleo accumbens. Los estudios en animales sugieren que el sistema dopaminérgico está involucrado de manera importante en la adicción a la nicotina. Las lesiones neurotóxicas del sistema mesolfmbico o la administración sistémica de un bloqueador del receptor de nicotina reduce la administración de nicotina en roedores; sin embargo, estos hallazgos se han realizado en modelos animales, siendo difícil corroborarlos en humanos porque no se puede experimentar en ellos y causarles daño tóxico o vascular de las vías dopaminérgicas mesencefálicas. Una estrategia circunstancial apropiada podría llevarse a cabo analizando la conducta en términos de adicción de sujetos con lesiones del mesencéfalo, secundarias a un evento vascular cerebral.

          Translated abstract

          Tobacco use, a well known cause of death, represents a preventable disease related to many health problems. Epidemiológical studies estimate a prevalence of 1,100 million tobacco dependent people. Nicotine addiction depends on multiple factors; studies have reported that the central nervous system plays an important role through the stimulation of neuronal dopaminergic nicotine receptors. The main dopamine synthesis sites are located in the neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area of the mesencephalus, which are projected towards the basal ganglia and accumbens nuclei. In vivo studies suggest that the dopaminergic cistern is highly implicated in nicotine dependence, showing that the neurotoxic lesions of the mesolimbic system or the systemic administration of nicotine receptor blockers reduce the quantity of nicotine administered. Nevertheless, these studies have been carried out in animal models; thus, such findings can not be confirmed in humans due to methodological limitations (i.e. it is unethical to produce toxic or vascular damage of the mesencephalic dopaminergic tracts). It could be possible to carry out such a study in patients with mesencephalic injuries secondary to stroke.

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          Most cited references78

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          Dopamine, learning and motivation.

          Roy Wise (2004)
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            The amygdala and reward.

            The amygdala -- an almond-shaped group of nuclei at the heart of the telencephalon -- has been associated with a range of cognitive functions, including emotion, learning, memory, attention and perception. Most current views of amygdala function emphasize its role in negative emotions, such as fear, and in linking negative emotions with other aspects of cognition, such as learning and memory. However, recent evidence supports a role for the amygdala in processing positive emotions as well as negative ones, including learning about the beneficial biological value of stimuli. Indeed, the amygdala's role in stimulus-reward learning might be just as important as its role in processing negative affect and fear conditioning.
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              Neuroscience of addiction.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                iner
                Revista del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias
                Rev. Inst. Nal. Enf. Resp. Mex.
                Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (México, DF, Mexico )
                0187-7585
                March 2007
                : 20
                : 1
                : 56-63
                Affiliations
                [01] México D.F. orgnameFundación Clínica Médica Sur orgdiv1Unidad Respiratoria dra_elis@ 123456yahoo.com.mx
                [02] orgnameINER Ismael Cosío Villegas orgdiv1Departamento de Investigación en Tabaquismo
                Article
                S0187-75852007000100008 S0187-7585(07)02000100008
                00650f4a-ae03-43a1-a659-13c16e177a67

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 November 2007
                : 22 December 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 48, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Trabajos de revisión

                dependencia,dopamina,Adicción,tobacco use,Addiction,mesencephalus,tabaquismo,dependence,mesencéfalo,nicotina,dopamine,nicotine

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