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      Apostaderos de pinnípedos en Punta Entrada (Santa Cruz, Patagonia Argentina): Explotación humana e historia natural Translated title: Pinniped rockeries at Punta Entrada (Santa Cruz, Patagonia Argentina): Human exploitation and natural history

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          Abstract

          El análisis de dos conjuntos zooarqueológicos de Punta Entrada, en la desembocadura del río Santa Cruz (Patagonia Argentina), permite abordar el tema de la existencia y explotación de apostaderos de lobos marinos en la localidad. Las características de estos conjuntos incluyen el predominio de los restos de pinnipedos, la representación de dos especies (Otaria flavescens y Arctocephalus australis), la presencia de ambos sexos y de individuos de diversas edades, modificaciones antrópicas y una gran diversidad de partes esqueletarias representadas. Los restos de cachorros de 1-1,5 meses en uno de los depósitos permiten establecer que el apostadero era reproductivo. Los perfiles anatómicos indican el transporte de individuos enteros o casi enteros desde un lugar cercano, que pudo ubicarse sobre la costa atlántica inmediatamente al sur de la localidad, donde la playa y el acantilado son similares a los hábitats en que los pinnípedos emplazan actualmente sus asentamientos. Otro lugar posible es el sector este de Punta Entrada, cuya historia de formación permite suponer que presentaba las mismas características. Además, las fuentes históricas mencionan una isla en el estuario en la que habitualmente se avistaban lobos marinos. Si bien estos hábitats son los que utiliza O. flavescens, la presencia de restos de A. australis en Punta Entrada permite suponer que esta especie también los utilizaba, aunque actualmente prefiera otros. Durante los últimos 2.000 años, el aprovechamiento de estos apostaderos por las poblaciones humanas no habría sido ni continuo ni relacionado con una estación específica del año.

          Translated abstract

          The analysis of two zooarchaeological assemblages from Santa Cruz river mouth -Punta Entrada- (Patagonia Argentina) allows to postulate the past existence and human exploitation of sea lions breeding rookeries in this locality. The assemblages show a dominance of pinniped bones, including two different species (Otaria flavescens y Arctocephalus australis), which correspond to individuals of both sexes and different ages; several body parts are represented and bones are cut marked. One and a half month of age puppy bones recovered in one deposit allow to postulate the rockery was a reproductive one. The anatomical part representation is interpreted as the result of transportation of complete, or nearly complete, individuals from a closer place, which could have been the Atlantic coast right south this locality. The costal cliffs and beach found there fits to present day habitats chosen by these pinnipeds to establish their colonies. Eastern Punta Entrada is another possible location, since its geomorphological history allows expecting conditions similar to those found in the Atlantic coast. Historical records mention the existence of an estuarine island inhabited by sea lions as well. Although the already mentioned habitats are those chosen by O. flavescens, the A. australis bones recovered in Punta Entrada suggest that these habitats could have also been chosen by this species in the past, in spite of chosing different settings at present. The human use of these rockeries took place during the last 2000 years but would have not been continuous nor based on a seasonal basis.

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          Taphonomic and ecologic information from bone weathering

          Bones of recent mammals in the Amboseli Basin, southern Kenya, exhibit distinctive weathering characteristics that can be related to the time since death and to the local conditions of temperature, humidity and soil chemistry. A categorization of weathering characteristics into six stages, recognizable on descriptive criteria, provides a basis for investigation of weathering rates and processes. The time necessary to achieve each successive weathering stage has been calibrated using known-age carcasses. Most bones decompose beyond recognition in 10 to 15 yr. Bones of animals under 100 kg and juveniles appear to weather more rapidly than bones of large animals or adults. Small-scale rather than widespread environmental factors seem to have greatest influence on weathering characteristics and rates. Bone weathering is potentially valuable as evidence for the period of time represented in recent or fossil bone assemblages, including those on archeological sites, and may also be an important tool in censusing populations of animals in modern ecosystems.
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            Bones: ancient men and modern myths

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              Evolution of marine mammal hunting: A view from the California and Oregon coasts

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                magallania
                Magallania (Punta Arenas)
                Magallania
                Universidad de Magallanes. Instituto de la Patagonia. Centro de Estudios del Hombre Austral (Punta Arenas, , Chile )
                0718-2244
                2015
                : 43
                : 1
                : 291-308
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba orgdiv1Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas orgdiv2Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba Argentina
                [03] orgnameAdministración de Parques Nacionales orgdiv1Parque Nacional Monte León Argentina
                [01] orgnameUniversidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral orgdiv1Unidad Académica Río Gallegos Argentina
                Article
                S0718-22442015000100016 S0718-2244(15)04300100016
                0034a378-584b-4277-a768-e178e2e8a13e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 June 2014
                : 12 January 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 78, Pages: 18
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS

                zooarchaeology,Otaria flavescens,Arctocephalus australis,apostaderos de pinnípedos,cazadores-recolectores costeros,zooarqueología,pinniped breeding rookeries,coastal hunter-gatherers

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