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      Estudio sobre tuberculosis en un distrito sanitario de Sevilla: Situación y alternativas de mejora en el control Translated title: Study on Tuberculosis in a Seville Healthcare District: Current Situation and Control Improvement Alternatives

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          Abstract

          Fundamento: La situación actual en nuestro entorno (Distrito, Sevilla, Andalucía, España), donde no es raro observar incidencias anuales de TBC por encima de 30 casos nuevos por 100.000 habitantes, señala que el problema no está próximo, a ser erradicado. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir los patrones clínicos y de salud pública de presentación de la tuberculosis en el ámbito del Distrito Sanitario «Sevilla Este-Sur». Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de los casos de tuberculosis declarados (características personales, lugar, tiempo, tipo de enfermedad, factores de riesgos) durante el periodo 1992- 2000 en el distrito sanitario «Sevilla Este-Sur», situado en la ciudad de Sevilla y con algunos núcleos rurales. Se calculan la distribución porcentual de casos para los distintos factores estudiados y las tasas de incidencia en variables de interés (sexo, grupos edad, áreas geográficas). Resultados: Se ha estimado una incidencia media anual de 19,4 casos / 100.000 habitantes. Existen diferencias en la incidencia por sexo (RR=2,1), por grupos de edad (incidencia anual por encima de 24 casos /100.000 habitantes en los niños de 0-4 y adultos 25-39 años de edad) y zona geográfica. Se observa la frecuencia de recidivas y repeticiones de tratamientos, así como carencias en la realización o comunicación de los estudios de familiares y contactos, observándose problemas de mal cumplimiento terapéutico y deficiencias de control en el entorno de los pacientes. Conclusiones: El análisis de la situación en un distrito sanitario como el que se describe (alrededor de 610.000 habitantes en la actualidad) durante nueve años de seguimiento y con 1.065 casos declarados, puede orientar sobre una situación más general en nuestro entorno, posibilitando comparaciones con otros estudios. Se observa una tendencia descendente de la incidencia desde 1997. Se señalan algunas medidas organizativas a tener en cuenta para el control de la infección.

          Translated abstract

          Background: In our setting (District, Seville, Andalusia, Spain, ...) it is not rare to find annual incidence rates for TBC of more than 30 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants. It reveals that this problem is nowhere near being eradicated. This study is aimed at describing the clinical and public health patterns of tuberculosis cases within the «South-East Seville» Healthcare District. Methods: Descriptive study of the reported cases (personal traits, location, time, type of disease, risk factors) throughout the 1992-2000 period in the «South-East Seville» Healthcare District, located in the city of Seville and including some rural centers of population. Percentage distribution of cases for the different studied factors and the incidence rates for group of interest (sex, age groups, geographic areas) are provided. Results: A mean annual incidence rate of 19.4 cases/100,000 inhabitants has been estimated. Notable differences in incidence depending on group of sex (RR=2.1), age (annual incidence of more than 24 cases/100,000 inhabitants among children age 0-4 and adults age 25-39) and geographical area were found. The frequency of relapses and repeated treatments, as well as shortcomings with regard to conducting and reporting the studies on family members and contacts were noted. Conclusions: The situation analysis in a Healthcare District such as the one described here (currently approx. 610,000 inhabitants) throughout a nine-year follow-up period -entailing 1,065 reported cases- may well provide us some orientation about the situation in our environment. It also gives us the possibility to compare it with some other studies. A downward trend in the incidence rate has been noted as of 1997. Some organizational measures to be taken into account for controlling this infection are provided.

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          Neighborhood poverty and the resurgence of tuberculosis in New York City, 1984-1992.

          The resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) in NewYork City has been attributed to AIDS and immigration; however, the role of poverty in the epidemic is unclear. We assessed the relation between neighborhood poverty and TB at the height of the epidemic and longitudinally from 1984 through 1992. Census block groups were used as proxies for neighborhoods. For each neighborhood, we calculated TB and AIDS incidence in 1984 and 1992 with data from the Bureaus of Tuberculosis Control and AIDS Surveillance and obtained poverty rates from the census. For 1992, 3,343 TB cases were mapped to 5,482 neighborhoods, yielding a mean incidence of 46.5 per 100,000. Neighborhood poverty was associated with TB (relative risk = 1.33; 95% confidence interval = 1.30, 1.36 per 10% increase in poverty). This association persisted after adjustment for AIDS, proportion foreign born, and race/ethnicity. Neighborhoods with declining income from 1980 to 1990 had larger increases in TB incidence than did neighborhoods with increasing income. Leading up to and at the height of the TB epidemic in New York City, neighborhood poverty was strongly associated with TB incidence. Public health interventions should target impoverished areas.
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            Consenso Nacional para el Control de la Tuberculosis en España

            (1992)
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              Epidemiología de la tuberculosis

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Rev. Esp. Salud Publica
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                April 2003
                : 77
                : 2
                : 233-243
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameDistrito Sanitario Sevilla Este-Sur orgdiv1Epidemiología y Programas
                [01] orgnameServicios Centrales del Servicio Andaluz de Salud (SAS)
                Article
                S1135-57272003000200006 S1135-5727(03)07700200006
                10.1590/S1135-57272003000200006
                002d2c82-ee05-4472-ace1-41f9faed1828

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 12, Pages: 11
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                SciELO Public Health

                Categories
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                Tuberculosis,Communicable diseases,Incidencia,Enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias,Incidence

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