Antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Crocin in high-fat diet plus streptozotocin-induced type-2 diabetic rats

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Abstract

Objectives

Crocin, the principal water-soluble active constituent of saffron, possesses numerous pharmacological activities. The present investigation examined the potential antidiabetic and antioxidant characteristics of Crocin in rats with type-2 diabetes by administering it orally and intraperitoneally (i.p.).

Methods

After 2 weeks of a high-fat diet, streptozotocin (STZ) (i.p., 40 mg/kg) was administered to male adult rats to induce type-2 diabetes mellitus. Body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured on days zero, weeks 1, and 2. At the end of 2 weeks of drug administration in their respective groups, fasting insulin and glucose levels were estimated, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was determined. Intraperitoneal glucose (IPGTT) and insulin tolerance tests (ITT) were carried out. Histopathological investigation and biochemical parameters were estimated in pancreatic tissues.

Results

The Crocin (100 mg/kg) treatment has significantly improved body weight, abatement of FBG, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR. Likewise, Crocin treatment significantly improved the glucose and insulin challenges. We observed a significantly marked elevation in endogenous antioxidant enzymes in Crocin-treated groups. Similarly, Crocin treatment reversed the histopathological changes and restored the normal integrity and function of the pancreas.

Conclusion

The overall finding indicates that intraperitoneal administration of Crocin demonstrated better control of glycemic level and body weight. Further, it has improved insulin levels in the serum and potentiated antioxidant properties.

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Most cited references 57

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Use and abuse of HOMA modeling.

T Wallace, J Levy, D. Matthews (2004)

Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a method for assessing beta-cell function and insulin resistance (IR) from basal (fasting) glucose and insulin or C-peptide concentrations. It has been reported in >500 publications, 20 times more frequently for the estimation of IR than beta-cell function. This article summarizes the physiological basis of HOMA, a structural model of steady-state insulin and glucose domains, constructed from physiological dose responses of glucose uptake and insulin production. Hepatic and peripheral glucose efflux and uptake were modeled to be dependent on plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. Decreases in beta-cell function were modeled by changing the beta-cell response to plasma glucose concentrations. The original HOMA model was described in 1985 with a formula for approximate estimation. The computer model is available but has not been as widely used as the approximation formulae. HOMA has been validated against a variety of physiological methods. We review the use and reporting of HOMA in the literature and give guidance on its appropriate use (e.g., cohort and epidemiological studies) and inappropriate use (e.g., measuring beta-cell function in isolation). The HOMA model compares favorably with other models and has the advantage of requiring only a single plasma sample assayed for insulin and glucose. In conclusion, the HOMA model has become a widely used clinical and epidemiological tool and, when used appropriately, it can yield valuable data. However, as with all models, the primary input data need to be robust, and the data need to be interpreted carefully.

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Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future.

Steven E. Kahn, Mark E. Cooper, Stefano Del Prato (2014)

Glucose metabolism is normally regulated by a feedback loop including islet β cells and insulin-sensitive tissues, in which tissue sensitivity to insulin affects magnitude of β-cell response. If insulin resistance is present, β cells maintain normal glucose tolerance by increasing insulin output. Only when β cells cannot release sufficient insulin in the presence of insulin resistance do glucose concentrations rise. Although β-cell dysfunction has a clear genetic component, environmental changes play an essential part. Modern research approaches have helped to establish the important role that hexoses, aminoacids, and fatty acids have in insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, and the potential role of changes in the microbiome. Several new approaches for treatment have been developed, but more effective therapies to slow progressive loss of β-cell function are needed. Recent findings from clinical trials provide important information about methods to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes and some of the adverse effects of these interventions. However, additional long-term studies of drugs and bariatric surgery are needed to identify new ways to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes and thereby reduce the harmful effects of this disease. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Is Open Access

The growing use of herbal medicines: issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety

Martins Ekor (2014)

The use of herbal medicinal products and supplements has increased tremendously over the past three decades with not less than 80% of people worldwide relying on them for some part of primary healthcare. Although therapies involving these agents have shown promising potential with the efficacy of a good number of herbal products clearly established, many of them remain untested and their use are either poorly monitored or not even monitored at all. The consequence of this is an inadequate knowledge of their mode of action, potential adverse reactions, contraindications, and interactions with existing orthodox pharmaceuticals and functional foods to promote both safe and rational use of these agents. Since safety continues to be a major issue with the use of herbal remedies, it becomes imperative, therefore, that relevant regulatory authorities put in place appropriate measures to protect public health by ensuring that all herbal medicines are safe and of suitable quality. This review discusses toxicity-related issues and major safety concerns arising from the use of herbal medicinal products and also highlights some important challenges associated with effective monitoring of their safety.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

Journal ID (hwp): spiji

Journal ID (publisher-id): IJI

Title: International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology

Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage UK: London, England )

ISSN (Print): 0394-6320

ISSN (Electronic): 2058-7384

Publication date (Electronic): 17 January 2024

Publication date Collection: Jan-Dec 2024

Volume: 38

Electronic Location Identifier: 03946320231220178

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Ringgold 286618, universityAlMaarefa University; , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

[2 ]Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ringgold 37850, universityKing Saud University; , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

[3 ]Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ringgold 158216, universityNajran University; , Najran, Saudi Arabia

[4 ]Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Ringgold 48023, universityImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University; , Dammam, Saudi Arabia

[5 ]Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Ringgold 158203, universityAl-Baha University; , Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia

[6 ]Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Ringgold 286617, universityAlMaarefa University; , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

[7 ]universityMemorial University of Newfoundland; , St. John’s, NL, Canada

Author notes

[*]Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, P.O Box 71666, Dariyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia. Email: sasdag@ 123456um.edu.sa , sasdaq@ 123456gmail.com

Data Availability Statement included at the end of the article

Author information

Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-9667

Basheerahmed Abdulaziz Mannasaheb https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2585-2018

Adel Alghamdi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8063-0090

Article

Publisher ID: 10.1177_03946320231220178

DOI: 10.1177/03946320231220178

PMC ID: 10798082

PubMed ID: 38233742

SO-VID: 002bed51-a8bc-46e3-b62e-4e2980f5a568

License:

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

History

Date received : 29 April 2023

Date accepted : 23 November 2023

Funding

Funded by: King Saud University, FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002383;

Award ID: RSP2024R431

Custom metadata

typesetter ts10

cover-date January-December 2024

Keywords: type-2 diabetes mellitus,crocin,streptozotocin,insulin resistance,antioxidants

Data availability:

Keywords: type-2 diabetes mellitus, crocin, streptozotocin, insulin resistance, antioxidants

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Antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Crocin in high-fat diet plus streptozotocin-induced type-2 diabetic rats

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Abstract

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Karger: Nutrition and Dietetics

Most cited references 57

Use and abuse of HOMA modeling.

Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future.

The growing use of herbal medicines: issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety

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