Effectiveness of Back care education Programme among school children: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

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Abstract

Study design

Systematic review of Randomised controlled trials.

Objectives

With the increasing incidence of back pain among children and its untold implications to their future, back education tailored in an effective way would be indicated. However literature appears unsettled. This study aims to review available literature to determine the effect of school-based back education in preventing and managing low back pain in school children.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials carried out on elementary and secondary school children of ages 6 to 18 years and published in English language were included. Back education taught in hospitals or other settings were excluded. Primary outcome was back pain prevalence and secondary outcomes were constituted from the study characteristics of selected studies which includes: back behavior, knowledge, postural habits, physical activity, fear-avoidance beliefs, back pack carriage, pain intensity, skills and self efficacy. Databases searched were PEDro, HINARI, PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. Available stiudies from 2000 to March 2022 were retrieved. Quality of studies were assessed using the PEDro scale. Obtained studies were descriptively analyzed.

Results

A total 8420 studies were retrieved and 8 studies (with 1239 participants) were included in this review. Four studies each assessed back knowledge and back behavior, and two assessed back pain prevalence. There were improvements in back knowledge and back behaviour, but effectiveness of back care education on back pain prevalence was not conclusive.

Forms of education used involved the indirect method of conditioning the environment and the direct method which made use of theory, practical lessons and educational books and materials.

Conclusion

Back care education programmes in schools are effective in improving back care knowledge, behavior and reduction in low back pain frequency. Reduction in back pain prevalence is not conclusive. Back care education could be incorporated as part of schools’ education programmes. Limitations include exclusion of non English language studies and inconsistent outcome measures.

Funding source

None.

Registration

This review protocol was registered under the International platform of Registered systematic review and meta-analysis protocol (INPLASY) with the registration number; INPLASY202310044 and DOI number; 10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0044

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-024-04563-y.

Related collections

Most cited references 41

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Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews

Mourad Ouzzani, Hossam Hammady, Zbys Fedorowicz … (2017)

Background Synthesis of multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in a systematic review can summarize the effects of individual outcomes and provide numerical answers about the effectiveness of interventions. Filtering of searches is time consuming, and no single method fulfills the principal requirements of speed with accuracy. Automation of systematic reviews is driven by a necessity to expedite the availability of current best evidence for policy and clinical decision-making. We developed Rayyan (http://rayyan.qcri.org), a free web and mobile app, that helps expedite the initial screening of abstracts and titles using a process of semi-automation while incorporating a high level of usability. For the beta testing phase, we used two published Cochrane reviews in which included studies had been selected manually. Their searches, with 1030 records and 273 records, were uploaded to Rayyan. Different features of Rayyan were tested using these two reviews. We also conducted a survey of Rayyan’s users and collected feedback through a built-in feature. Results Pilot testing of Rayyan focused on usability, accuracy against manual methods, and the added value of the prediction feature. The “taster” review (273 records) allowed a quick overview of Rayyan for early comments on usability. The second review (1030 records) required several iterations to identify the previously identified 11 trials. The “suggestions” and “hints,” based on the “prediction model,” appeared as testing progressed beyond five included studies. Post rollout user experiences and a reflexive response by the developers enabled real-time modifications and improvements. The survey respondents reported 40% average time savings when using Rayyan compared to others tools, with 34% of the respondents reporting more than 50% time savings. In addition, around 75% of the respondents mentioned that screening and labeling studies as well as collaborating on reviews to be the two most important features of Rayyan. As of November 2016, Rayyan users exceed 2000 from over 60 countries conducting hundreds of reviews totaling more than 1.6M citations. Feedback from users, obtained mostly through the app web site and a recent survey, has highlighted the ease in exploration of searches, the time saved, and simplicity in sharing and comparing include-exclude decisions. The strongest features of the app, identified and reported in user feedback, were its ability to help in screening and collaboration as well as the time savings it affords to users. Conclusions Rayyan is responsive and intuitive in use with significant potential to lighten the load of reviewers.

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The PEDro scale is a valid measure of the methodological quality of clinical trials: a demographic study

Natalie A de Morton (2009)

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Physical Inactivity and Non-Communicable Disease Burden in Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries

Peter Katzmarzyk, Christine Friedenreich, Eric Shiroma … (2021)

Objectives: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for premature mortality and several non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this study was to estimate the global burden associated with physical inactivity, and to examine differences by country income and region. Methods: Population-level, prevalence-based population attributable risks (PAR) were calculated for 168 countries to estimate how much disease could be averted if physical inactivity were eliminated. We calculated PARs (% cases attributable to inactivity) for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, and non-communicable diseases including coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dementia, depression, and cancers of the bladder, breast, colon, endometrium, esophagus, stomach, and kidney. Results: Globally, 7.2% and 7.6% of all-cause and cardiovascular disease deaths, respectively, are attributable to physical inactivity. The proportions of non-communicable diseases attributable to physical inactivity range from 1.6% for hypertension to 8.1% for dementia. There was an increasing gradient across income groups; PARs were more than double in high-income compared to low-income countries. However, 69% of total deaths and 74% of cardiovascular disease deaths associated with physical inactivity are occurring in middle-income countries, given their population size. Regional differences were also observed, with the PARs occurring in Latin America/Caribbean and high-income Western and Asia-Pacific countries, and the lowest burden occurring in Oceania and East/Southeast Asia. Conclusion: The global burden associated with physical inactivity is substantial. The relative burden is greatest in high-income countries; however, the greatest number of people (absolute burden) affected by physical inactivity are living in middle-income countries given the size of their populations.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Confidence Chinemerem Amarah: confidence.amarah.236442@unn.edu.ng

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Pediatr

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Pediatr

Title: BMC Pediatrics

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2431

Publication date (Electronic): 2 February 2024

Publication date PMC-release: 2 February 2024

Publication date Collection: 2024

Volume: 24

Electronic Location Identifier: 95

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of medical rehabilitation, Faculty of health sciences and technology, College of medicine, University of Nigeria, ( https://ror.org/01sn1yx84) Enugu state, Nigeria

[2 ]Department of physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, ( https://ror.org/00g0p6g84) Pretoria, South Africa

[3 ]Research Center for Health (ReaCH) Glasgow Caledonian University, ( https://ror.org/03dvm1235) Glasgow, UK

[4 ]Division of Biological Sciences and Health University of the West of Scotland, ( https://ror.org/02gc32c47) Lanarkshire, UK

Article

Publisher ID: 4563

DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04563-y

PMC ID: 10835972

PubMed ID: 38308207

SO-VID: ae41e66e-f7c7-4d98-b4ff-83492292ba94

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 26 May 2023

Date accepted : 14 January 2024

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Pediatrics

Keywords: back education,school children,school age,back pain,back care knowledge,back school

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Pediatrics

Keywords: back education, school children, school age, back pain, back care knowledge, back school

Effectiveness of Back care education Programme among school children: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

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Abstract

Study design

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Funding source

Registration

Supplementary Information

Related collections

Chinese Journal of School Health

Most cited references 41

Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews

The PEDro scale is a valid measure of the methodological quality of clinical trials: a demographic study

Physical Inactivity and Non-Communicable Disease Burden in Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries

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