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      • Record: found
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      Different origin-derived exosomes and their clinical advantages in cancer therapy

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          Abstract

          Exosomes, as a class of small extracellular vesicles closely related to the biological behavior of various types of tumors, are currently attracting research attention in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Regarding cancer diagnosis, the stability of their membrane structure and their wide distribution in body fluids render exosomes promising biomarkers. It is expected that exosome-based liquid biopsy will become an important tool for tumor diagnosis in the future. For cancer treatment, exosomes, as the “golden communicators” between cells, can be designed to deliver different drugs, aiming to achieve low-toxicity and low-immunogenicity targeted delivery. Signaling pathways related to exosome contents can also be used for safer and more effective immunotherapy against tumors. Exosomes are derived from a wide range of sources, and exhibit different biological characteristics as well as clinical application advantages in different cancer therapies. In this review, we analyzed the main sources of exosomes that have great potential and broad prospects in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Moreover, we compared their therapeutic advantages, providing new ideas for the clinical application of exosomes.

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          Most cited references375

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          The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes

          Raghu Kalluri, Valerie LeBleu (2020)
          The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has the potential to identify unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms in intercellular communication and in organ homeostasis and disease. Exosomes, with an average diameter of ~100 nanometers, are a subset of EVs. The biogenesis of exosomes involves their origin in endosomes, and subsequent interactions with other intracellular vesicles and organelles generate the final content of the exosomes. Their diverse constituents include nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, amino acids, and metabolites, which can reflect their cell of origin. In various diseases, exosomes offer a window into altered cellular or tissue states, and their detection in biological fluids potentially offers a multicomponent diagnostic readout. The efficient exchange of cellular components through exosomes can inform their applied use in designing exosome-based therapeutics.
          Article 0 comments Cited 2815 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Colorectal cancer

            Evelien Dekker, Pieter Tanis, Jasper Vleugels … (2019)
            Several decades ago, colorectal cancer was infrequently diagnosed. Nowadays, it is the world's fourth most deadly cancer with almost 900 000 deaths annually. Besides an ageing population and dietary habits of high-income countries, unfavourable risk factors such as obesity, lack of physical exercise, and smoking increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Advancements in pathophysiological understanding have increased the array of treatment options for local and advanced disease leading to individual treatment plans. Treatments include endoscopic and surgical local excision, downstaging preoperative radiotherapy and systemic therapy, extensive surgery for locoregional and metastatic disease, local ablative therapies for metastases, and palliative chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Although these new treatment options have doubled overall survival for advanced disease to 3 years, survival is still best for those with non-metastasised disease. As the disease only becomes symptomatic at an advanced stage, worldwide organised screening programmes are being implemented, which aim to increase early detection and reduce morbidity and mortality from colorectal cancer.
            Article 0 comments Cited 1481 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Overview of Extracellular Vesicles, Their Origin, Composition, Purpose, and Methods for Exosome Isolation and Analysis

              Laura M. Doyle, Michael Zhuo Wang (2019)
              The use of extracellular vesicles, specifically exosomes, as carriers of biomarkers in extracellular spaces has been well demonstrated. Despite their promising potential, the use of exosomes in the clinical setting is restricted due to the lack of standardization in exosome isolation and analysis methods. The purpose of this review is to not only introduce the different types of extracellular vesicles but also to summarize their differences and similarities, and discuss different methods of exosome isolation and analysis currently used. A thorough understanding of the isolation and analysis methods currently being used could lead to some standardization in the field of exosomal research, allowing the use of exosomes in the clinical setting to become a reality.
              Article 0 comments Cited 951 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Xiaoyan Jin: Role: Role: Role:
                Jing Zhang: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1225089Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Yufu Zhang: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Jing He: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Mingming Wang: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2221155Role: Role: Role:
                Yu Hei: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2496149Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Shutong Guo: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Xiangrong Xu: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Yusi Liu: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2639818Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Immunol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Immunol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Immunol.
                Title: Frontiers in Immunology
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 1664-3224
                Publication date (Electronic): 27 June 2024
                Publication date Collection: 2024
                Volume: 15
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1401852
                Affiliations
                [1] 1 Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical College of Yan’an University , Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
                [2] 2 The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi‘an Medical University , Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
                [3] 3 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University , Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
                [4] 4 Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University , Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Zhiwei He, Shenzhen University, China

                Reviewed by: Zhiwen Luo, Fudan University, China

                Yanhua Zhou, Guizhou Medical University, China

                Zhixu He, Guizhou Medical University, China

                Anran Fan, Guizhou Medical University, China

                *Correspondence: Yusi Liu, lys910615@ 123456163.com

                †These authors have contributed equally to this work

                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1401852
                PMC ID: 11236555
                PubMed ID: 38994350
                SO-VID: e4f38bad-0cc7-47fa-82bb-10b2db4b0dab
                Copyright © Copyright © 2024 Jin, Zhang, Zhang, He, Wang, Hei, Guo, Xu and Liu
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 16 March 2024
                Date accepted : 13 June 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 375, Pages: 28, Words: 16025
                Funding
                The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 82260489, 22264023, 82260530], the Shaanxi Science and Technology Department Project [grant number 2022JQ-931] and Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education Project [grant number 23JK0721].
                Categories
                Subject: Immunology
                Subject: Review
                Custom metadata
                section-in-acceptance Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Immunology
                Keywords: exosomes,cancer diagnosis,cancer treatment,biomarkers,targeted delivery
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Immunology
                Keywords: exosomes, cancer diagnosis, cancer treatment, biomarkers, targeted delivery

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