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      Early Detection of Public Health Emergencies of International Concern through Undiagnosed Disease Reports in ProMED-Mail

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          Abstract

          We conducted a retrospective analysis of all reports in ProMED-mail that were initially classified as undiagnosed diseases during 2007–2018. We identified 371 cases reported in ProMED-mail; 34% were later diagnosed. ProMED-mail could be used to supplement other undiagnosed disease surveillance systems worldwide.

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          Hot spots in a wired world: WHO surveillance of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.

          David L. Heymann, Guénaël R. Rodier (2001)
          The resurgence of the microbial threat, rooted in several recent trends, has increased the vulnerability of all nations to the risk of infectious diseases, whether newly emerging, well-established, or deliberately caused. Infectious disease intelligence, gleaned through sensitive surveillance, is the best defence. The epidemiological and laboratory techniques needed to detect, investigate, and contain a deliberate outbreak are the same as those used for natural outbreaks. In April 2000, WHO formalised an infrastructure (the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network) for responding to the heightened need for early awareness of outbreaks and preparedness to respond. The Network, which unites 110 existing networks, is supported by several new mechanisms and a computer-driven tool for real time gathering of disease intelligence. The procedure for outbreak alert and response has four phases: systematic detection, outbreak verification, real time alerts, and rapid response. For response, the framework uses different strategies for combating known risks and unexpected events, and for improving both global and national preparedness. New forces at work in an electronically interconnected world are beginning to break down the traditional reluctance of countries to report outbreaks due to fear of the negative impact on trade and tourism. About 65% of the world's first news about infectious disease events now comes from informal sources, including press reports and the internet.
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            Rumors of disease in the global village: outbreak verification.

            T. W. Grein, K. B. Kamara, G. Rodier … (2000)
            Emerging infectious diseases and the growth of information technology have produced new demands and possibilities for disease surveillance and response. Increasing numbers of outbreak reports must be assessed rapidly so that control efforts can be initiated and unsubstantiated reports can be identified to protect countries from unnecessary economic damage. The World Health Organization has set up a process for timely outbreak verification to convert large amounts of data into accurate information for suitable action. We describe the context and processes of outbreak verification and information dissemination.
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              ProMED-mail: 22 years of digital surveillance of emerging infectious diseases.

              Malwina Carrión, Lawrence Madoff (2017)
              ProMED-mail (ProMED) was launched in 1994 as an email service to identify unusual health events related to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and toxins affecting humans, animals and plants. It is used daily by public health leaders, government officials at all levels, physicians, veterinarians and other healthcare workers, researchers, private companies, journalists and the general public. Reports are produced and commentary provided by a global team of subject matter experts in a variety of fields including virology, parasitology, epidemiology, entomology, veterinary and plant disease specialists. ProMED operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and has over 83 000 subscribers, representing every country in the world. Additionally, ProMED disseminates information via its website and through social media channels such as Twitter and Facebook as well as through RSS feeds. Over the last 22 years, it has been the first to report on numerous major and minor disease outbreaks including SARS, MERS, Ebola and the early spread of Zika. ProMED is transparent, apolitical, open to all and free of charge, making it an important and longstanding contributor to global health surveillance.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Emerging Infect. Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EID
                Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                ISSN (Print): 1080-6040
                ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059
                Publication date (Print): February 2020
                Volume: 26
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 336-339
                Affiliations
                [1]Public Health Emergency Operations Center of the French Ministry of Health, Paris, France (C. Rolland, C. Lazarus, B. Monate, A.-S. Travert);
                [2]Ministry of Health, Paris (C. Giese, J. Salomon)
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Clément Lazarus, Public Health Emergency Operations Center, 14 Avenue Duquesne, Paris 75007, France; email: clement.lazarus@ 123456sante.gouv.fr
                Article
                Publisher ID: 19-1043
                DOI: 10.3201/eid2602.191043
                PMC ID: 6986859
                PubMed ID: 31961311
                SO-VID: 8b97ef88-f9a9-49b2-8d16-6644b8b98d0c
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Dispatch
                Subject: Dispatch
                Subject: Early Detection of Public Health Emergencies of International Concern through Undiagnosed Disease Reports in ProMED-Mail

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: surveillance,outbreaks,emerging infectious diseases,global health,world health organization,promed-mail,early detection,public health emergencies of international concern,undiagnosed diseases,international health regulations,health security,disease outbreak news
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: surveillance, outbreaks, emerging infectious diseases, global health, world health organization, promed-mail, early detection, public health emergencies of international concern, undiagnosed diseases, international health regulations, health security, disease outbreak news

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