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      Revealing legacy effects of extreme droughts on tree growth of oaks across the Northern Hemisphere.

      1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 3 , 3 , 12 , 13 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 12 , 13 , 23 , 5 , 24 , 13 , 25 , 20 , 26 , 3 , 27
      The Science of the total environment
      Elsevier BV
      Acclimation, Climate change, Legacy effects, Repetitive droughts, Tree rings, Warming

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          Abstract

          Forests are undergoing increasing risks of drought-induced tree mortality. Species replacement patterns following mortality may have a significant impact on the global carbon cycle. Among major hardwoods, deciduous oaks (Quercus spp.) are increasingly reported as replacing dying conifers across the Northern Hemisphere. Yet, our knowledge on the growth responses of these oaks to drought is incomplete, especially regarding post-drought legacy effects. The objectives of this study were to determine the occurrence, duration, and magnitude of legacy effects of extreme droughts and how that vary across species, sites, and drought characteristics. The legacy effects were quantified by the deviation of observed from expected radial growth indices in the period 1940-2016. We used stand-level chronologies from 458 sites and 21 oak species primarily from Europe, north-eastern America, and eastern Asia. We found that legacy effects of droughts could last from 1 to 5 years after the drought and were more prolonged in dry sites. Negative legacy effects (i.e., lower growth than expected) were more prevalent after repetitive droughts in dry sites. The effect of repetitive drought was stronger in Mediterranean oaks especially in Quercus faginea. Species-specific analyses revealed that Q. petraea and Q. macrocarpa from dry sites were more negatively affected by the droughts while growth of several oak species from mesic sites increased during post-drought years. Sites showing positive correlations to winter temperature showed little to no growth depression after drought, whereas sites with a positive correlation to previous summer water balance showed decreased growth. This may indicate that although winter warming favors tree growth during droughts, previous-year summer precipitation may predispose oak trees to current-year extreme droughts. Our results revealed a massive role of repetitive droughts in determining legacy effects and highlighted how growth sensitivity to climate, drought seasonality and species-specific traits drive the legacy effects in deciduous oak species.

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          Most cited references94

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sci Total Environ
                The Science of the total environment
                Elsevier BV
                1879-1026
                0048-9697
                May 20 2024
                : 926
                Affiliations
                [1 ] WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh. Electronic address: arun.bose@wsl.ch.
                [2 ] Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
                [3 ] WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
                [4 ] Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
                [5 ] Faculty of Forest and Environment, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany.
                [6 ] WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Department of Biological Evolution, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
                [7 ] ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Universitätstrasse, 22, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
                [8 ] Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Moeller-Str. 1, Haus 41/42, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany.
                [9 ] Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Apdo. 202, Zaragoza E-50192, Spain; Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari, e Ambientali, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.
                [10 ] Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, E.T.S.I. Montes Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain.
                [11 ] Southern Swedish Research Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden; Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Québec, Canada.
                [12 ] WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Universitätstrasse, 22, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
                [13 ] Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
                [14 ] Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic.
                [15 ] Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Silva, 54000 Nancy, France.
                [16 ] Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.
                [17 ] Technische Universität München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany; Technische Universität München, Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany.
                [18 ] DeLaWi Tree-Ring Analyses, 51570 Windeck, Germany.
                [19 ] Departement Recherche et Développement, ONF, Office National des Fôrets, Batiment B, Boulevard de Constance, Fontainebleau F 77300, France.
                [20 ] Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
                [21 ] Harvard Forest, 324 N.Main St, Petersham, MA 01366, USA.
                [22 ] National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Dracea", Eroilor 128, 077190 Voluntari, Romania.
                [23 ] DendroGreif, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstr.15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
                [24 ] Departamento Biología Animal, Parasitología, Ecología, Edafología y Química Agrícola, University Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
                [25 ] Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu, Estonia.
                [26 ] Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
                [27 ] Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Apdo. 202, Zaragoza E-50192, Spain.
                Article
                S0048-9697(24)02192-2
                10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172049
                38552974
                961c7630-7a32-45bd-8bcc-9ca4d09d97e0
                History

                Legacy effects,Climate change,Acclimation,Warming,Tree rings,Repetitive droughts

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