Use of Streptococcus salivarius K12 in the prevention of streptococcal and viral pharyngotonsillitis in children.

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Abstract

Streptococcus salivarius K12 is an oral probiotic strain releasing two lantibiotics (salivaricin A2 and salivaricin B) that antagonize the growth of S. pyogenes, the most important bacterial cause of pharyngeal infections in humans also affected by episodes of acute otitis media. S. salivarius K12 successfully colonizes the oral cavity, and is endowed with an excellent safety profile. We tested its preventive role in reducing the incidence of both streptococcal and viral pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis in children.

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Most cited references 17

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A preliminary study of the effect of probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 on oral malodour parameters.

G Speiser, Matthew J Burton, T C Chilcott … (2006)

To determine whether dosing with bacteriocin-producing Streptococcus salivarius following an antimicrobial mouthwash effects a change in oral malodour parameters and in the composition of the oral microbiota of subjects with halitosis. Twenty-three subjects with halitosis undertook a 3-day regimen of chlorhexidine (CHX) mouth rinsing, followed at intervals by the use of lozenges containing either S. salivarius K12 or placebo. Assessment of the subjects' volatile sulphur compound (VSC) levels 1 week after treatment initiation showed that 85% of the K12-treated group and 30% of the placebo group had substantial (>100 ppb) reductions. The bacterial composition of the saliva was monitored by culture and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Changes in the PCR-DGGE profiles occurred in most subjects following K12 treatment. In vitro testing showed that S. salivarius K12 suppressed the growth of black-pigmented bacteria in saliva samples and also in various reference strains of bacteria implicated in halitosis. Administration of bacteriocin-producing S. salivarius after an oral antimicrobial mouthwash reduces oral VSC levels. The outcome of this preliminary study indicates that the replacement of bacteria implicated in halitosis by colonization with competitive bacteria such as S. salivarius K12 may provide an effective strategy to reduce the severity of halitosis.

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Developing oral probiotics from Streptococcus salivarius.

Philip Wescombe, John Hale, N Heng … (2012)

Considerable human illness can be linked to the development of oral microbiota disequilibria. The predominant oral cavity commensal, Streptococcus salivarius has emerged as an important source of safe and efficacious probiotics, capable of fostering more balanced, health-associated oral microbiota. Strain K12, the prototype S. salivarius probiotic, originally introduced to counter Streptococcus pyogenes infections, now has an expanded repertoire of health-promoting applications. K12 and several more recently proposed S. salivarius probiotics are now being applied to control diverse bacterial consortia infections including otitis media, halitosis and dental caries. Other potential applications include upregulation of immunological defenses against respiratory viral infections and treatment of oral candidosis. An overview of the key steps required for probiotic development is also presented.

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Salivaricin A2 and the novel lantibiotic salivaricin B are encoded at adjacent loci on a 190-kilobase transmissible megaplasmid in the oral probiotic strain Streptococcus salivarius K12.

Philip Wescombe, Philip A Wescombe, Nancy Ragland … (2007)

The commercial probiotic Streptococcus salivarius strain K12 is the prototype of those S. salivarius strains that are the most strongly inhibitory in a standardized test of streptococcal bacteriocin production and has been shown to produce the 2,368-Da salivaricin A2 (SalA2) and the 2,740-Da salivaricin B (SboB) lantibiotics. The previously uncharacterized SboB belongs to the type AII class of lantibiotic bacteriocins and is encoded by an eight-gene cluster. The genetic loci encoding SalA2 and SboB in strain K12 have been fully characterized and are localized to nearly adjacent sites on pSsal-K12, a 190-kb megaplasmid. Of 61 strongly inhibitory strains of S. salivarius, 19 (31%) were positive for the sboB structural gene. All but one (strain NR) of these 19 strains were also positive for salA2, and in each of these cases of double positivity, the two loci were separated by fewer than 10 kb. This is the first report of a single streptococcus strain producing two distinct lantibiotics.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Drug Healthc Patient Saf

Title: Drug, healthcare and patient safety

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

ISSN: 1179-1365

ISSN (Print): 1179-1365

Publication date (Electronic): 2014

Volume: 6

Affiliations

[1 ] Scientific Department, Velleja Research, Milan, Italy.

[2 ] Pediatric Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.

[3 ] Stomatology Institute, Milan, Italy.

[4 ] Laboratory of Epidemiology and Social Psychiatry, Mario Negri Institute, Milan, Italy.

[5 ] Pediatric Department, Uboldo Hospital, Cernusco sul Naviglio, Italy.

Article

Publisher Item ID: dhps-6-015

DOI: 10.2147/DHPS.S59665

PMC ID: 3928062

PubMed ID: 24600248

SO-VID: 9aea73bf-2ed5-4923-aab0-ad1dc69d4d75

History

Keywords: Bactoblis,Blis K12,S. pyogenes,antibiotic therapy,pediatric trial

Data availability:

Keywords: Bactoblis, Blis K12, S. pyogenes, antibiotic therapy, pediatric trial

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