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      Estudio comparativo de manejo de braquimetatarsia congénita mediante elongación por callotaxis Translated title: Comparative study of the management of congenital brachymetatarsia with elongation with callotaxis

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          Abstract

          La braquimetatarsia consiste en el acortamiento de 5 mm o más del arco parabólico metatarsal del pie, de uno o más de los metatarsianos; se relaciona directamente con el cierre prematuro del cartílago epifisario, o una prematura fusión de la línea epifisaria del extremo distal del metatarsiano, habitualmente el cuarto metatarsiano es el más afectado, predominio en el sexo femenino en relación de 25:1, afección bilateral 72%. Las causas pueden ser congénitas, post traumáticas o como parte de enfermedades específicas. Se realiza estudio prospectivo, comparativo de pacientes con diagnóstico de braquimetatarsia congénita, en el período comprendido de 2007-2008 y 2008-2012; el primer grupo consistió en siete pacientes de los cuales fueron seis niñas, un niño y en el segundo grupo: ocho pacientes, cinco niñas y tres niños. En el primer grupo se obtuvo un alargamiento de 21.1 mm en promedio, en el segundo grupo se obtuvo un alargamiento de 18 mm en promedio sin regresión, distrayendo 0.5 mm por día en ambos grupos. La elongación de los metatarsianos por callotaxis con minifijadores externos es un procedimiento satisfactorio para pacientes adolescentes próximos al cierre epifisario, teniendo mejores resultados con la distracción gradual a 0.5 mm por día.

          Translated abstract

          Brachymetatarsia is the > 5 mm shortening of the metatarsal parabolic arc of the foot, in one or more metatarsals. It is directly related with the early closure of the epiphyseal cartilage or with early fusion of the epiphyseal line of the distal end of the metatarsal. The fourth metatarsal is usually the most affected one. Females are more commonly affected, with a female to male ratio of 25:1; 72% of cases have bilateral involvement. The causes may be congenital, posttraumatic or result from specific conditions. A prospective, comparative study was conducted of patients with a diagnosis of congenital brachymetatarsia seen in 2007-2008 and 2008-2012. Seven patients were included in the former period: six girls and one boy. Eight patients were included in the latter period: five girls and three boys. The mean shortening achieved in the first group was 21.1 mm; in the second one, 18 mm, without regression. The daily distraction in both groups was 0.5 mm. Metatarsal elongation by means of callotaxis with external fixators is an appropriate procedure for adolescent patients about to achieve epiphyseal closure. The best results are obtained with gradual distraction at a rate of 0.5 mm per day.

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          The management of brachymetatarsia.

          We treated 35 brachymetatarsal rays of 18 feet in 12 patients by one-stage lengthening with interpositional bone grafts or by gradual lengthening with callotasis combined with shortening of the adjacent metatarsals and phalanges. Definition of the two parabolas which connect the metatarsal heads and the tips of the toes, and recognition of three patterns of metatarsal length, were helpful guides in treatment. In total, 36 excisions of the phalanges and/or the metatarsals were undertaken. The mean shortening was 8 mm. The radiological results were satisfactory. The mean values were as follows: one-stage lengthening, length gain, 1.3 cm; healing index, 1.3 months/cm; percentage increase, 30%; gradual lengthening, length gain, 2.0 cm; healing index, 2.0 months/cm; percentage increase, 50%. Associated shortening of an adjacent bone can avoid the disadvantages of one-stage lengthening which may not achieve target length and can result in neurovascular complications. Reduction of the target length enables the surgeon to carry out one-stage instead of gradual lengthening. It also shortens the length of treatment in the group undergoing callotasis and improves cosmesis.
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            The treatment of congenital brachymetatarsia by one-stage lengthening.

            We performed one-stage lengthening using intercalary autogenous bone graft in 34 metatarsals and seven proximal phalanges in 21 patients with congenitally short metatarsals. At operation, in order to decrease the tension in the surrounding soft tissues, we gradually distracted the osteotomies of the affected bones for 20 to 30 minutes. The patients, all women, were followed up for a mean period of 2.1 years (1 to 6.5). The average gain in length for the 34 metatarsal procedures was 14 mm (6 to 21), equivalent to an increase of 32% (11 to 51), and for the seven proximal phalangeal lengthenings 8 mm (5 to 11), an increase of 54% (47 to 65). There was no evidence of neurovascular impairment. The technique of gradual distraction during operation is simple and effective. It overcomes the disadvantages of one-stage lengthening such as a small gain in length and neurovascular damage.
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              Braquimetatarsia doble bilateral, presentación de un caso tratado en forma simultánea mediante elongación ósea progresiva usando minifijadores externos

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                aom
                Acta ortopédica mexicana
                Acta ortop. mex
                Colegio Mexicano de Ortopedia y Traumatología A.C. (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                2306-4102
                April 2015
                : 29
                : 2
                : 77-81
                Affiliations
                [04] México Distrito Federal orgnameSecretaria de Salud orgdiv1Instituto Nacional de Pediatría México
                [03] México Distrito Federal orgnameInstituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado orgdiv1Hospital Regional General Ignacio Zaragoza México
                [02] México Distrito Federal orgnameInstituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado orgdiv1Hospital Regional General Ignacio Zaragoza México
                [01] México Distrito Federal orgnameInstituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado orgdiv1Hospital Regional General Ignacio Zaragoza México
                Article
                S2306-41022015000200003 S2306-4102(15)02900200003
                2356db89-6cf6-445f-9cf2-2d97f4a427ae

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 9, Pages: 5
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                SciELO Mexico

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                comparative study,congenital brachymetatarsia,callotaxis,results,estudio comparativo,branquimetatarsia congénita,resultados

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