The regulatory role and clinical application prospects of circRNA in the occurrence and development of CNS tumors

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Abstract

Background

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors originate from the spinal cord or brain. The study showed that even with aggressive treatment, malignant CNS tumors have high mortality rates. However, CNS tumor risk factors and molecular mechanisms have not been verified. Due to the reasons mentioned above, diagnosis and treatment of CNS tumors in clinical practice are currently fraught with difficulties. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), single‐stranded ncRNAs with covalently closed continuous structures, are essential to CNS tumor development. Growing evidence has proved the numeral critical biological functions of circRNAs for disease progression: sponging to miRNAs, regulating gene transcription and splicing, interacting with proteins, encoding proteins/peptides, and expressing in exosomes.

Aims

This review aims to summarize current progress regarding the molecular mechanism of circRNA in CNS tumors and to explore the possibilities of clinical application based on circRNA in CNS tumors.

Methods

We have summarized studies of circRNA in CNS tumors in Pubmed.

Results

This review summarized their connection with CNS tumors and their functions, biogenesis, and biological properties. Furthermore, we introduced current advances in clinical RNA‐related technologies. Then we discussed the diagnostic and therapeutic potential (especially for immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) of circRNA in CNS tumors in the context of the recent advanced research and application of RNA in clinics.

Conclusions

CircRNA are increasingly proven to participate in decveloping CNS tumors. An in‐depth study of the causal mechanisms of circRNAs in CNS tomor progression will ultimately advance their implementation in the clinic and developing new strategies for preventing and treating CNS tumors.

Abstract

The precise risk factors and molecular mechanisms underlying CNS tumors remain unverified. Growing evidence suggests that Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have numerous significant biological functions in disease progression. In this review, we provide an overview of the relationship between circRNAs and CNS tumors and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of circRNAs in CNS tumors.

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Most cited references 222

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Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries

Hyuna Sung, Jacques Ferlay, Rebecca Siegel … (2021)

This article provides an update on the global cancer burden using the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Worldwide, an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases (18.1 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths (9.9 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) occurred in 2020. Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases (11.7%), followed by lung (11.4%), colorectal (10.0 %), prostate (7.3%), and stomach (5.6%) cancers. Lung cancer remained the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18%), followed by colorectal (9.4%), liver (8.3%), stomach (7.7%), and female breast (6.9%) cancers. Overall incidence was from 2-fold to 3-fold higher in transitioned versus transitioning countries for both sexes, whereas mortality varied <2-fold for men and little for women. Death rates for female breast and cervical cancers, however, were considerably higher in transitioning versus transitioned countries (15.0 vs 12.8 per 100,000 and 12.4 vs 5.2 per 100,000, respectively). The global cancer burden is expected to be 28.4 million cases in 2040, a 47% rise from 2020, with a larger increase in transitioning (64% to 95%) versus transitioned (32% to 56%) countries due to demographic changes, although this may be further exacerbated by increasing risk factors associated with globalization and a growing economy. Efforts to build a sustainable infrastructure for the dissemination of cancer prevention measures and provision of cancer care in transitioning countries is critical for global cancer control.

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The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary

David N Louis, Arie Perry, Pieter Wesseling … (2021)

The fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS), published in 2021, is the sixth version of the international standard for the classification of brain and spinal cord tumors. Building on the 2016 updated fourth edition and the work of the Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy, the 2021 fifth edition introduces major changes that advance the role of molecular diagnostics in CNS tumor classification. At the same time, it remains wedded to other established approaches to tumor diagnosis such as histology and immunohistochemistry. In doing so, the fifth edition establishes some different approaches to both CNS tumor nomenclature and grading and it emphasizes the importance of integrated diagnoses and layered reports. New tumor types and subtypes are introduced, some based on novel diagnostic technologies such as DNA methylome profiling. The present review summarizes the major general changes in the 2021 fifth edition classification and the specific changes in each taxonomic category. It is hoped that this summary provides an overview to facilitate more in-depth exploration of the entire fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System.

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Circular RNAs are a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency.

Sebastian Memczak, Marvin Jens, Antigoni Elefsinioti … (2013)

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) in animals are an enigmatic class of RNA with unknown function. To explore circRNAs systematically, we sequenced and computationally analysed human, mouse and nematode RNA. We detected thousands of well-expressed, stable circRNAs, often showing tissue/developmental-stage-specific expression. Sequence analysis indicated important regulatory functions for circRNAs. We found that a human circRNA, antisense to the cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 transcript (CDR1as), is densely bound by microRNA (miRNA) effector complexes and harbours 63 conserved binding sites for the ancient miRNA miR-7. Further analyses indicated that CDR1as functions to bind miR-7 in neuronal tissues. Human CDR1as expression in zebrafish impaired midbrain development, similar to knocking down miR-7, suggesting that CDR1as is a miRNA antagonist with a miRNA-binding capacity ten times higher than any other known transcript. Together, our data provide evidence that circRNAs form a large class of post-transcriptional regulators. Numerous circRNAs form by head-to-tail splicing of exons, suggesting previously unrecognized regulatory potential of coding sequences.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Quan Cheng:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2401-5349

chengquan@csu.edu.cn

Renjun Peng: prjscience@csu.edu.cn

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): CNS Neurosci Ther

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): CNS Neurosci Ther

Journal ID (doi): 10.1111/(ISSN)1755-5949

Journal ID (publisher-id): CNS

Title: CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )

ISSN (Print): 1755-5930

ISSN (Electronic): 1755-5949

Publication date (Electronic): 12 November 2023

Publication date Collection: April 2024

Volume: 30

Issue: 4 ( doiID: 10.1002/cns.v30.4 )

Electronic Location Identifier: e14500

Affiliations

[ ¹ ] Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China

[ ² ] National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China

[ ³ ] Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China

[ ⁴ ] MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK

[ ⁵ ] Department of Psychiatry, The School of Clinical Medicine Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China

[ ⁶ ] College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

[ ⁷ ] Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China

[ ⁸ ] Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China

[ ⁹ ] Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China

[ ¹⁰ ] Department of Interventional Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China

Author notes

[*] [* ] Correspondence

Quan Cheng and Renjun Peng, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.

Email: chengquan@ 123456csu.edu.cn and prjscience@ 123456csu.edu.cn

Author information

Liyang Zhang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4054-1667

Quan Cheng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2401-5349

Article

Publisher ID: CNS14500 Other ID: CNSNT-2023-920.R2

DOI: 10.1111/cns.14500

PMC ID: 11017455

PubMed ID: 37953502

SO-VID: 1385a7e3-431e-4304-a3c5-52b3a5448c50

License:

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date revision received : 20 September 2023

Date received : 29 June 2023

Date accepted : 03 October 2023

Page count

Figures: 4, Tables: 3, Pages: 22, Words: 11668

Funding

Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China , doi 10.13039/501100001809;

Award ID: 82073893

Award ID: 81703622

Award ID: 81901268

Funded by: Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province

Award ID: 2022JJ20095

Funded by: Hunan Provincial Health Committee Foundation of China

Award ID: 202204044869

Custom metadata

source-schema-version-number 2.0

cover-date April 2024

details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.4.0 mode:remove_FC converted:15.04.2024

ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurosciences

Keywords: circrna,cns tumors,chemotherapy,immunotherapy,radiotherapy

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurosciences

Keywords: circrna, cns tumors, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy

The regulatory role and clinical application prospects of circRNA in the occurrence and development of CNS tumors

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Most cited references 222

Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries

The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary

Circular RNAs are a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency.

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