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      Prevention of breast cancer by dietary polyphenols—role of cancer stem cells

      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 3
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
      Publisher: Informa UK Limited

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          Abstract

          Breast cancer is a common malignancy with poor prognosis. Cancer cells are heterogeneous and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are primarily responsible for tumor relapse, treatment-resistance and metastasis, so for breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Diets are known to be associated with carcinogenesis. Food-derived polyphenols are able to attenuate the formation and virulence of BCSCs, implying that these compounds and their analogs might be promising agents for preventing breast cancer. In the present review, we summarized the origin and surface markers of BCSCs and possible mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effects of polyphenols on BCSCs. The suppressive effects of common dietary polyphenols against BCSCs, such as curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and related polyphenolic compounds were further discussed.

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          MicroRNAs

          David Bartel (2004)
          Article 0 comments Cited 1325 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Regulation of microRNA biogenesis.

            Minju Ha, V Kim (2014)
            MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function as guide molecules in RNA silencing. Targeting most protein-coding transcripts, miRNAs are involved in nearly all developmental and pathological processes in animals. The biogenesis of miRNAs is under tight temporal and spatial control, and their dysregulation is associated with many human diseases, particularly cancer. In animals, miRNAs are ∼22 nucleotides in length, and they are produced by two RNase III proteins--Drosha and Dicer. miRNA biogenesis is regulated at multiple levels, including at the level of miRNA transcription; its processing by Drosha and Dicer in the nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively; its modification by RNA editing, RNA methylation, uridylation and adenylation; Argonaute loading; and RNA decay. Non-canonical pathways for miRNA biogenesis, including those that are independent of Drosha or Dicer, are also emerging.
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              A bivalent chromatin structure marks key developmental genes in embryonic stem cells.

              Bradley E. Bernstein, Tarjei Mikkelsen, Xiaohui Xie … (2006)
              The most highly conserved noncoding elements (HCNEs) in mammalian genomes cluster within regions enriched for genes encoding developmentally important transcription factors (TFs). This suggests that HCNE-rich regions may contain key regulatory controls involved in development. We explored this by examining histone methylation in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells across 56 large HCNE-rich loci. We identified a specific modification pattern, termed "bivalent domains," consisting of large regions of H3 lysine 27 methylation harboring smaller regions of H3 lysine 4 methylation. Bivalent domains tend to coincide with TF genes expressed at low levels. We propose that bivalent domains silence developmental genes in ES cells while keeping them poised for activation. We also found striking correspondences between genome sequence and histone methylation in ES cells, which become notably weaker in differentiated cells. These results highlight the importance of DNA sequence in defining the initial epigenetic landscape and suggest a novel chromatin-based mechanism for maintaining pluripotency.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
                Abbreviated Title: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
                Publisher: Informa UK Limited
                ISSN (Print): 1040-8398
                ISSN (Electronic): 1549-7852
                Publication date Created: March 08 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): January 11 2019
                Publication date (Print): March 08 2020
                Volume: 60
                Issue: 5
                Pages: 810-825
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China;
                [2 ] College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China;
                [3 ] Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
                Article
                DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1551778
                SO-VID: 9df73346-e0c7-4fef-b91b-76cc249169d3
                Copyright © © 2020
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