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      The illness of women and men with sickle cell disease: a Grounded Theory study Translated title: O adoecimento de mulheres e homens com anemia falciforme: um estudo de Grounded Theory Translated title: El proceso de enfermar de mujeres y hombres con anemia falciforme: un estudio de Grounded Theory

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          Abstract

          Objective: to understand the meanings given by women and men with sickle cell disease on the illness experience. Method: analytical study with a qualitative approach, conducted with 17 adults with sickle cell disease using the Theory Based on Data, or Grounded Theory, as theoretical-methodological referential. Data were collected between the years of 2012 and 2013, in an individual in-depth interview. All the interviews were recorded and analyzed according to the Grounded Theory comparative analysis technique. Results: data show four categories which group the experience of illness, the feelings experienced and the path to living with sickle cell disease. Conclusions: it was possible to understand that the experience was built by a process in which these people redefined the meaning of their lives, applying new directions to life and to care regarding the experience of the illness. In the context of chronic disease, the nurse's care is also seen in this study as a foundation, providing attention, directions, and guidance through the required confrontations. Understanding the experience lived by these people, it is possible to enlarge the dimensions and the essence of nursing care required throughout life.

          Translated abstract

          Objetivo: compreender os significados atribuídos por mulheres e homens com anemia falciforme sobre a experiência do adoecimento. Método: trata-se de estudo analítico, com abordagem qualitativa, conduzido com 17 pessoas adultas com anemia falciforme, tendo a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, ou Grouded Theory, como referencial teórico-metodológico. Os dados foram coletados, entre os anos 2012 e 2013, em entrevista individual em profundidade. Todas as entrevistas foram gravadas e analisadas, segundo a técnica de análise comparativa da Grounded Theory. Resultados: os dados revelam quatro categorias que agrupam a experiência do adoecimento, os sentimentos vivenciados e a trajetória para o convívio com a anemia falciforme. Conclusões: foi possível compreender que a experiência é construída por um processo onde essas pessoas são capazes de ressignificar, imprimir novos rumos à vida e ao cuidado na experiência do adoecimento. O atendimento da enfermeira, no contexto da doença crônica, é visto também nesse estudo como alicerce, que dá atenção, orienta e conduz nos enfrentamentos necessários. A compreensão da experiência vivenciada por essas pessoas possibilita ampliar as dimensões e a essência do cuidado de enfermagem que são demandados ao longo da vida.

          Translated abstract

          Objetivo: comprender los significados atribuidos por mujeres y hombres con anemia de células falciformes a la experiencia del proceso de enfermar. Método : se trata de un estudio analítico, con un enfoque cualitativo y realizado con 17 adultos con anemia falciforme, basado en la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos, la Grounded Theory, como referencia teórica y metodológica. Los datos fueron recogidos entre los años 2012 y 2013 mediante una entrevista individual en profundidad. Todas las entrevistas fueron grabadas y analizadas según la técnica de análisis comparativo de la Grounded Theory. Resultados: los datos revelaron cuatro categorías que agrupan la experiencia de la enfermedad, los sentimientos vividos y la trayectoria de la convivencia con la anemia falciforme. Conclusiones: fue posible comprender que la experiencia se construye mediante un proceso en el que estas personas son capaces de replantear, imprimir nuevos rumbos a la vida y al cuidado en la experiencia de la enfermedad. La atención de la enfermería en el contexto de una enfermedad crónica también se observa en este estudio como base que da atención, orienta y lleva a cabo las confrontaciones necesarias. La comprensión de la experiencia vivida por estas personas hace posible ampliar las dimensiones y la esencia de los cuidados de enfermería requeridos por toda la vida.

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          Most cited references30

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          Perceived discrimination, patient trust, and adherence to medical recommendations among persons with sickle cell disease.

          Adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) report experiencing discriminatory behavior from some healthcare providers. The impact of discrimination on health outcomes in SCD, including adherence to physician recommendations, is not known.
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            Perceived discrimination in health care is associated with a greater burden of pain in sickle cell disease.

            Perceived discriminatory experiences in society have been associated with a higher burden of pain among some minority patient populations.
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              The impact of gender roles on health.

              The present research focused on a sample of Spanish undergraduate women and men to evaluate whether gender was related to substance use and chronic illness. This research examined the associations of conformity to masculine norms for men and conformity to feminine norms for women with substance use in chronic illnesses. Spanish male (n = 226) and female (n = 234) college undergraduates completed measures of chronic diseases, alcohol and tobacco consumption, and conformity to gender norms. Multivariable regression analyses demonstrated that being female was related to lower alcohol and cigarette consumption but a greater rate of chronic illnesses. Although masculinity did not explain the rate of chronic illnesses, specific feminine and masculine gender norms were related to alcohol and tobacco use and prevalence of chronic diseases. The present study provides insights for further cross-cultural psychological studies on the mediating effect of self-reported conformity to gender norms (rather than only sex) on health. Limitations and implications are discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rlae
                Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem
                Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem
                Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo
                1518-8345
                December 2015
                : 23
                : 6
                : 1113-1120
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal da Bahia Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal da Bahia Brazil
                Article
                S0104-11692015000601113
                10.1590/0104-1169.0594.2656
                230958d1-2d31-4854-adca-ec9c8cf93f14

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                SciELO RevOdonto

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0104-1169&lng=en
                Categories
                NURSING

                Doença Crônica,Anemia Falciforme,Enfermagem,Enfermedad Crónica,Anemia de Células Falciformes,Enfermería,Chronic Disease,Anemia, Sickle Cell,Nursing

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