For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
29
views
42
references
 Top references
cited by
11
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      230
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Molecular detection and typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from cattle, animal handlers, and their environment from Karnataka, Southern Province of India

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background and Aim:

          Methicillin-resistant staphylococci are among the emerging pathogens which have become a threat to both human and animal health. The present investigation intended to examine the occurrence and the molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) recovered from cattle, its handlers, and their environment.

          Materials and Methods:

          A total of 666 specimens were subjected to culture method and genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the identification of Staphylococcus. Methicillin resistance was substantiated by PCR identification of mecA and mecC resistance determinants. Species-specific identification of mecA positive isolates was conducted by multiplex PCR. The unidentified species were deciphered by 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach. The mecA positive isolates were further characterized by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCC mec) typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).

          Results:

          Duplex PCR identified 728 Staphylococcus isolates, of which 66 (9%) were positive for mecA gene. MRSA constituted 24% of the total mecA positive isolates. Among MRCoNS, Staphylococcus epidermidis (42%), and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (11%) were the most common species identified. Overall, 47% of the mecA positive isolates belonged to SCC mec type V. MLST analysis showed eight different sequence types (STs) among MRSA isolates of which five were novel STs. Among methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis, 19 different STs were found, of which nine novel STs were detected.

          Conclusion:

          The increase in the prevalence of mecA positive staphylococci, especially MRCoNS in cattle is a great concern in view of their transmission potential. Hence, continuous monitoring and molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant staphylococci should be elucidated in human and animal sectors so as to prevent the spread of these resistant pathogens.

          Related collections

          Most cited references42

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Coagulase-negative staphylococci-emerging mastitis pathogens.

          Satu Pyörälä, Suvi Taponen (2009)
          Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) have become the most common bovine mastitis isolate in many countries and could therefore be described as emerging mastitis pathogens. The prevalence of CNS mastitis is higher in primiparous cows than in older cows. CNS are not as pathogenic as the other principal mastitis pathogens and infection mostly remains subclinical. However, CNS can cause persistent infections, which result in increased milk somatic cell count (SCC) and decreased milk quality. CNS infection can damage udder tissue and lead to decreased milk production. Staphylococcus simulans and Staphylococcus chromogenes are currently the predominant CNS species in bovine mastitis. S. chromogenes is the major CNS species affecting nulliparous and primiparous cows whereas S. simulans has been isolated more frequently from older cows. Multiparous cows generally become infected with CNS during later lactation whereas primiparous cows develop infection before or shortly after calving. CNS mastitis is not a therapeutic problem as cure rates after antimicrobial treatment are usually high. Based on current knowledge, it is difficult to determine whether CNS species behave as contagious or environmental pathogens. Control measures against contagious mastitis pathogens, such as post-milking teat disinfection, reduce CNS infections in the herd. Phenotypic methods for identification of CNS are not sufficiently reliable, and molecular methods may soon replace them. Knowledge of the CNS species involved in bovine mastitis is limited. The dairy industry would benefit from more research on the epidemiology of CNS mastitis and more reliable methods for species identification.
          Article 0 comments Cited 125 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            SCCmec in staphylococci: genes on the move.

            Johanna Sollid, Anne-Merethe Hanssen (2006)
            Staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) elements are, so far, the only vectors described for the mecA gene encoding methicillin resistance in staphylococci. SCCmec elements are classified according to the type of recombinase they carry and their general genetic composition. SCCmec types I-V have been described, and SCC elements lacking mecA have also been reported. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about SCC structure and distribution, including genetic variants and rudiments of the elements. Its origin is still unknown, but one assumes that staphylococcal cassette chromosome is transferred between staphylococci, and mecA-positive coagulase-negative staphylococci may be a potential reservoir for these elements. Staphylococcal genomes seem to change continuously as genetic elements move in and out, but no mechanism of transfer has been found responsible for moving SCC elements between different staphylococcal species. Observations suggesting de novo production of methicillin-resistant staphylococci and horizontal gene transfer of SCCmec will be discussed.
            Article 0 comments Cited 78 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: found
              Is Open Access

              Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Animals and Its Relevance to Human Health

              Annalisa Pantosti (2012)
              Staphylococcus aureus is a typical human pathogen. Some animal S. aureus lineages have derived from human strains following profound genetic adaptation determining a change in host specificity. Due to the close relationship of animals with the environmental microbiome and resistome, animal staphylococcal strains also represent a source of resistance determinants. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) emerged 50 years ago as a nosocomial pathogen but in the last decade it has also become a frequent cause of infections in the community. The recent finding that MRSA frequently colonizes animals, especially livestock, has been a reason for concern, as it has revealed an expanded reservoir of MRSA. While MRSA strains recovered from companion animals are generally similar to human nosocomial MRSA, MRSA strains recovered from food animals appear to be specific animal-adapted clones. Since 2005, MRSA belonging to ST398 was recognized as a colonizer of pigs and human subjects professionally exposed to pig farming. The “pig” MRSA was also found to colonize other species of farmed animals, including horses, cattle, and poultry and was therefore designated livestock-associated (LA)-MRSA. LA-MRSA ST398 can cause infections in humans in contact with animals, and can infect hospitalized people, although at the moment this occurrence is relatively rare. Other animal-adapted MRSA clones have been detected in livestock, such as ST1 and ST9. Recently, ST130 MRSA isolated from bovine mastitis has been found to carry a novel mecA gene that eludes detection by conventional PCR tests. Similar ST130 strains have been isolated from human infections in UK, Denmark, and Germany at low frequency. It is plausible that the increased attention to animal MRSA will reveal other strains with peculiar characteristics that can pose a risk to human health.
              Article 0 comments Cited 71 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Vet World
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Vet World
                Title: Veterinary World
                Publisher: Veterinary World (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0972-8988
                ISSN (Electronic): 2231-0916
                Publication date (Print): November 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 11 November 2019
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 11
                Pages: 1760-1768
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
                [2 ]Department of Microbiology, Jain University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
                [3 ]School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
                [4 ]Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary/Allergy/Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
                [5 ]International Livestock Research Institute, New Delhi, India
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher ID: Vetworld-12-1760
                DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1760-1768
                PMC ID: 6925040
                SO-VID: a6f721b0-4dc8-49f2-b800-a9287e5182ca
                Copyright © Copyright: © Venugopal, et al.
                License:

                Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                Date received : 14 July 2019
                Date accepted : 09 October 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Keywords: meca/mecc gene,methicillin resistance,methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci,methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
                Data availability:
                Keywords: meca/mecc gene, methicillin resistance, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content230

                See all similar

                Cited by11

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors737

                See all reference authors