For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
17
views
51
references
 Top references
cited by
31
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      789
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Disorders of the Oral Cavity in Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonian Syndromes

      review-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Awareness of nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease is growing during the last decade. Among these, oral cavity disorders are, although prevalent, often neglected by the patients, their caregivers, and physicians. Some of these disorders include increased prevalence of caries and periodontal disease, sialorrhea and drooling, xerostomia, orofacial pain, bruxism, and taste impairment. Though many of these disorders are not fully understood yet and relatively few controlled trials have been published regarding their treatment, physicians should be aware of the body of evidence that does exist on these topics. This paper reviews current knowledge regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options of disorders of the oral cavity in Parkinson's disease patients.

          Related collections

          Most cited references51

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found
          Is Open Access

          Parkinson's Disease and Systemic Inflammation

          Carina C Ferrari, Rodolfo Tarelli (2011)
          Peripheral inflammation triggers exacerbation in the central brain's ongoing damage in several neurodegenerative diseases. Systemic inflammatory stimulus induce a general response known as sickness behaviour, indicating that a peripheral stimulus can induce the synthesis of cytokines in the brain. In Parkinson's disease (PD), inflammation was mainly associated with microglia activation that can underlie the neurodegeneration of neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Peripheral inflammation can transform the “primed” microglia into an “active” state, which can trigger stronger responses dealing with neurodegenerative processes. Numerous evidences show that systemic inflammatory processes exacerbate ongoing neurodegeneration in PD patient and animal models. Anti-inflammatory treatment in PD patients exerts a neuroprotective effect. In the present paper, we analyse the effect of peripheral infections in the etiology and progression in PD patients and animal models, suggesting that these peripheral immune challenges can exacerbate the symptoms in the disease.
          Article 0 comments Cited 72 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Pain in Parkinson's disease.

            Joseph Jankovic, D. Q. Ha (2012)
            Pain and other nonmotor symptoms in PD are increasingly recognized as a major cause of reduced health-related quality of life. Pain in PD may be categorized into a number of different subtypes, including musculoskeletal, dystonic, radicular neuropathic, and central pain. The onset of pain can vary in relation to motor symptoms, and may precede the appearance of motor symptoms by several years, or occur after the diagnosis of PD has been made. Pain in PD is frequently under-recognized and is often inadequately treated. Levodopa-related dystonia may respond to manipulation of dopaminergic medication. Dopaminergic therapy may also improve musculoskeletal pain related to rigidity and akinesia, as well as akathisia in PD. Botulinum toxin injections can be effective for treatment of painful focal dystonia. Pain and dysesthesia have been reported to improve with DBS, in some cases. Increased understanding of basal ganglia pathways has provided further insights into the pathogenesis of pain in PD, but the exact mechanism of pain processing and modulation remains unclear. Copyright © 2011 Movement Disorder Society.
            Article 0 comments Cited 54 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found
              Is Open Access

              Drooling in Parkinson's disease: a review.

              Prachaya Srivanitchapoom, Sanjay Pandey, Mark Hallett (2014)
              Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease causing both motor and non-motor symptoms. Drooling, an excessive pooling and spillover of saliva out of the oral cavity, is one of the non-motor symptoms in PD patients that produces various negative physical and psychosocial consequences for patients and their caregivers. At present, the pathophysiology of drooling in PD is not completely certain; however, impaired intra-oral salivary clearance is likely the major contributor. There are neither standard diagnostic criteria nor standard severity assessment tools for evaluating drooling in PD. In accordance with the possible pathophysiology, dopaminergic agents have been used to improve salivary clearance; however, these agents are not completely effective in controlling drooling. Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options have been studied. Local injection with botulinum toxin serotypes A and B into major salivary glands is most effective to reduce drooling. Future research to explore the exact pathophysiology and develop standard diagnostic criteria and standard severity assessment tools are needed to formulate specific treatment options and improve patient care.
              Article 0 comments Cited 51 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Parkinsons Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Parkinsons Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): PD
                Title: Parkinson's Disease
                Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                ISSN (Print): 2090-8083
                ISSN (Electronic): 2042-0080
                Publication date (Print): 2015
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 January 2015
                Volume: 2015
                Electronic Location Identifier: 379482
                Affiliations
                1Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Unit, Tel Aviv Medical Center, 6423906 Tel-Aviv, Israel
                2Neurology Department, Soroka University Medical Center, 84101 Beer Sheva, Israel
                3Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Francisco Grandas

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1482-8522
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2015/379482
                PMC ID: 4312641
                SO-VID: 96dc9ee4-b5ba-475c-8191-fddcd2ed7a82
                Copyright © Copyright © 2015 Yair Zlotnik et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 23 September 2014
                Date accepted : 30 December 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurology

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content789

                See all similar

                Cited by29

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors537

                See all reference authors