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      Caracterización física y química: biomasa residual de la palma (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) en la Amazonia peruana Translated title: Physical and chemical characterization of residual palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) biomass in the Peruvian Amazon

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción. La palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) en la Amazonia peruana tiene un área instalada en producción de 72 861 ha, cuyo procesamiento del fruto genera residuos sólidos como el escobajo y el mesocarpio secos. Objetivo. Determinar las características fisicoquímicas de la biomasa residual, escobajo y fibra del fruto, de la extracción de aceite de palma en la Amazonia peruana, para su potencial uso en la elaboración de materiales biodegradables. Materiales y métodos. Durante agosto a octubre del 2020, se recolectaron 19,39 t/día de escobajo y 13,05 t/día de fibra del fruto de la palma aceitera en Pucallpa, Distrito de Neshuya, Perú. Los análisis de solubilidad en agua caliente y humedad se determinaron mediante la prueba estándar americana (American Society for Testing and Materials). La solubilidad en soda, se obtuvo mediante el estándar de Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry. Para la determinación de la celulosa, hemicelulosa y lignina, se empleó la cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC) y detector de índice de refracción (RI). Resultados. Las propiedades físicas de humedad (%) y solubilidad en soda (%) no presentaron diferencias entre el escobajo y la fibra. El escobajo y la fibra presentaron solubilidad en agua caliente con valores inferiores al 17 %. Las propiedades químicas en la fibra fueron mayores que en el escobajo, en base al porcentaje de celulosa, hemicelulosa y lignina. Conclusiones. Los resultados físicos y químicos del escobajo y de la fibra del fruto de palma aceitera, permitirían el desarrollo de procesos tecnológicos adecuados para su conversión a productos biológicos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction. The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in the Peruvian Amazon has an installed production area of 72,861 ha, whose fruit processing generates solid residues such as the stalk and dry mesocarp. Objective. To determine the physicochemical characteristics of the residual biomass, stalk, and fruit fiber from palm oil extraction in the Peruvian Amazon, for its potential use in the elaboration of biodegradable materials. Materials and methods. During August to October 2020, 19.39 t/day of stalk and 13.05 t/day of oil palm fruit fiber were collected in Pucallpa, Neshuya District, Peru. Solubility analyzes in hot water and moisture were determined using the American standard test (American Society for Testing and Materials). The solubility in soda was obtained using the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry standard method. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and refractive index (RI) detector were used to determine cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Results. The physical properties of moisture (%) and solubility in soda (%) showed no differences between stalk and fiber. Both stalk and the fiber showed solubility in hot water, with values lower than 17 %. The chemical properties of the fiber were higher than those in the stalk, based on the percentage of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Conclusions. The physical and chemical results of oil palm stalk and fruit fiber would allow the development of appropriate technological processes for their conversion to biological products.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                am
                Agronomía Mesoamericana
                Agron. Mesoam
                Universidad de Costa Rica (San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica )
                1659-1321
                2215-3608
                December 2022
                : 33
                : 3
                : 48170
                Affiliations
                [1] Ucayali orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Ucayali Peru neyravas@ 123456gmail.com
                [4] Lima orgnameUniversidad Científica del Sur Peru joseiannaconeoliver@ 123456gmail.com
                [2] Ucayali orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Ucayali Peru grober_panduro@ 123456unu.edu.pe
                [3] Ucayali orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Ucayali Peru edgar_díaz@ 123456unu.edu.pe
                Article
                S1659-13212022000300020 S1659-1321(22)03300300020
                10.15517/am.v33i3.48170
                63288f93-8c60-4104-82b8-f55e6f94e8d2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 January 2022
                : 23 August 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 47, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica

                Categories
                Notas técnicas

                hemicellulose,cellulose,humedad,solubilidad,ligninas,hemicelulosa,celulosa,moisture,solubility,lignins

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