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      Host genetic susceptibility to severe dengue infection

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          Abstract

          Epidemiological evidence indicates that host genetic factors are relevant and predispose DHF/DSS development. Here, we review the host genetic studies concerning human leucocyte antigens, antibody receptors, immune/inflammatory mediators, attachment molecules, cytokines and other factors exerting an immunoregulatory effect as well as the current genome-wide association studies. We also discuss some viewpoints on future challenges related to the design of safe and effective prevention and treatment options.

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          Interleukin-10: new perspectives on an old cytokine.

          David Mosser, Xia Zhang (2008)
          Interleukin-10 (IL-10) has long been recognized to have potent and broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory activity, which has been unequivocally established in various models of infection, inflammation, and even in cancer. However, because of the marginal successes of the initial clinical trials using recombinant IL-10, some of the interest in this cytokine as an anti-inflammatory therapeutic has diminished. New work showing IL-10 production from regulatory T cells and even T-helper 1 T cells has reinvigorated the field and revealed the power of this cytokine to influence immune responses. Furthermore, new preclinical studies suggest that combination therapies, using antibodies to IL-10 along with chemotherapy, can be effective in treating bacterial, viral, or neoplastic diseases. Studies to understand IL-10 gene expression in the various cell types may lead to new therapeutics to enhance or inhibit IL-10 production. In this review, we summarize what is known about the regulation of IL-10 gene expression by various immune cells. We speculate on the promise that this cytokine holds to influence immune responses and mitigate immune pathologies.
          Article 0 comments Cited 301 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Genomics, gene expression and DNA arrays.

            D J Lockhart, E. Winzeler (2000)
            Experimental genomics in combination with the growing body of sequence information promise to revolutionize the way cells and cellular processes are studied. Information on genomic sequence can be used experimentally with high-density DNA arrays that allow complex mixtures of RNA and DNA to be interrogated in a parallel and quantitative fashion. DNA arrays can be used for many different purposes, most prominently to measure levels of gene expression (messenger RNA abundance) for tens of thousands of genes simultaneously. Measurements of gene expression and other applications of arrays embody much of what is implied by the term 'genomics'; they are broad in scope, large in scale, and take advantage of all available sequence information for experimental design and data interpretation in pursuit of biological understanding.
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              Origins of dengue type 2 viruses associated with increased pathogenicity in the Americas.

              R Rico-Hesse, L Harrison, R A Salas … (1997)
              The recent emergence and spread of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the Americas have been a major source of concern. Efforts to control this disease are dependent on understanding the pathogenicity of dengue viruses and their transmission dynamics. Pathogenicity studies have been hampered by the lack of in vitro or in vivo models of severe dengue disease. Alternatively, molecular epidemiologic studies which associate certain dengue virus genetic types with severe dengue outbreaks may point to strains with increased pathogenicity. The comparison of nucleotide sequences (240 bp) from the E/NS1 gene region of the dengue virus genome has been shown to reflect evolutionary relationships and geographic origins of dengue virus strains. This approach was used to demonstrate an association between the introduction of two distinct genotypes of dengue type 2 virus and the appearance of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the Americas. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that these genotypes originated in Southeast Asia and that they displaced the native, American genotype in at least four countries. Vaccination and other control efforts should therefore be directed at decreasing the transmission of these "virulent" genotypes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Trop Med Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Trop Med Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): TMH
                Title: Tropical Medicine and Health
                Publisher: The Japanese Society of Tropical Medicine (Nagasaki, Japan )
                ISSN (Print): 1348-8945
                ISSN (Electronic): 1349-4147
                Publication date (Print): December 2011
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 October 2011
                Volume: 39
                Issue: 4 Suppl
                Pages: 73-81
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pasteur Institute Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
                [2 ]Department of Immunogenetics, Global Center of Excellence, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan E-mail: hiraken@nagasaki-u.ac.jp
                Article
                Publisher ID: tmh-2011-S08
                DOI: 10.2149/tmh.2011-S08
                PMC ID: 3317601
                PubMed ID: 22500139
                SO-VID: 130efc56-9222-4440-949e-cea0759d0a86
                Copyright © © 2011 Japanese Society of Tropical Medicine
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: dengue shock syndrome,hla,dengue hemorrhagic fever,dengue fever,genetic susceptibility
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: dengue shock syndrome, hla, dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue fever, genetic susceptibility

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