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      CTRP3 exacerbates tendinopathy by dysregulating tendon stem cell differentiation and altering extracellular matrix composition

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          Neutralization of CTRP3 opposes degenerative tendon matrix remodeling during tendinopathy.

          Abstract

          Tendinopathy, the most common disorder affecting tendons, is characterized by chronic disorganization of the tendon matrix, which leads to tendon tear and rupture. The goal was to identify a rational molecular target whose blockade can serve as a potential therapeutic intervention for tendinopathy. We identified C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP3) as a markedly up-regulated cytokine in human and rodent tendinopathy. Overexpression of CTRP3 enhanced the progression of tendinopathy by accumulating cartilaginous proteoglycans and degenerating collagenous fibers in the mouse tendon, whereas CTRP3 knockdown suppressed the tendinopathy pathogenesis. Functional blockade of CTRP3 using a neutralizing antibody ameliorated overuse-induced tendinopathy of the Achilles and rotator cuff tendons. Mechanistically, CTRP3 elicited a transcriptomic pattern that stimulates abnormal differentiation of tendon stem/progenitor cells and ectopic chondrification as an effect linked to activation of Akt signaling. Collectively, we reveal an essential role for CTRP3 in tendinopathy and propose a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of tendinopathy.

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          Most cited references60

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          Gene set enrichment analysis: A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles

          Although genomewide RNA expression analysis has become a routine tool in biomedical research, extracting biological insight from such information remains a major challenge. Here, we describe a powerful analytical method called Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) for interpreting gene expression data. The method derives its power by focusing on gene sets, that is, groups of genes that share common biological function, chromosomal location, or regulation. We demonstrate how GSEA yields insights into several cancer-related data sets, including leukemia and lung cancer. Notably, where single-gene analysis finds little similarity between two independent studies of patient survival in lung cancer, GSEA reveals many biological pathways in common. The GSEA method is embodied in a freely available software package, together with an initial database of 1,325 biologically defined gene sets.
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            Causal analysis approaches in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis

            Motivation: Prior biological knowledge greatly facilitates the meaningful interpretation of gene-expression data. Causal networks constructed from individual relationships curated from the literature are particularly suited for this task, since they create mechanistic hypotheses that explain the expression changes observed in datasets. Results: We present and discuss a suite of algorithms and tools for inferring and scoring regulator networks upstream of gene-expression data based on a large-scale causal network derived from the Ingenuity Knowledge Base. We extend the method to predict downstream effects on biological functions and diseases and demonstrate the validity of our approach by applying it to example datasets. Availability: The causal analytics tools ‘Upstream Regulator Analysis', ‘Mechanistic Networks', ‘Causal Network Analysis' and ‘Downstream Effects Analysis' are implemented and available within Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA, http://www.ingenuity.com). Supplementary information: Supplementary material is available at Bioinformatics online.
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              Role of proinflammatory cytokines in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis.

              Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with cartilage destruction, subchondral bone remodeling and inflammation of the synovial membrane, although the etiology and pathogenesis underlying this debilitating disease are poorly understood. Secreted inflammatory molecules, such as proinflammatory cytokines, are among the critical mediators of the disturbed processes implicated in OA pathophysiology. Interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), in particular, control the degeneration of articular cartilage matrix, which makes them prime targets for therapeutic strategies. Animal studies provide support for this approach, although only a few clinical studies have investigated the efficacy of blocking these proinflammatory cytokines in the treatment of OA. Apart from IL-1β and TNF, several other cytokines including IL-6, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18, IL-21, leukemia inhibitory factor and IL-8 (a chemokine) have also been shown to be implicated in OA and could possibly be targeted therapeutically. This Review discusses the current knowledge regarding the role of proinflammatory cytokines in the pathophysiology of OA and addresses the potential of anticytokine therapy in the treatment of this disease.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ValidationRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ValidationRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ValidationRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ValidationRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: ResourcesRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: Investigation
                Role: Resources
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: SupervisionRole: Validation
                Role: ResourcesRole: Supervision
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
                Journal
                Sci Adv
                Sci Adv
                sciadv
                advances
                Science Advances
                American Association for the Advancement of Science
                2375-2548
                November 2021
                19 November 2021
                : 7
                : 47
                : eabg6069
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, 08826 Seoul, South Korea.
                [2 ]Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, South Korea.
                [3 ]School of Medicine, CHA University, 13496 Seongnam, South Korea.
                [4 ]Institute of Convergence Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, 07985 Seoul, South Korea.
                [5 ]Foot and Ankle Division, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 13620 Seongnam, South Korea.
                [6 ]Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080 Seoul, South Korea.
                [7 ]Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University (SMG-SNU) Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 07061 Seoul, South Korea.
                [8 ]Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, South Korea.
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Email: jinhkim@ 123456snu.ac.kr
                [†]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4788-3141
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3467-6626
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1966-1397
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7190-8583
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-4267
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2372-7339
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3983-6193
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-7983
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6161-5442
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-1929
                Article
                abg6069
                10.1126/sciadv.abg6069
                8604415
                34797714
                87cc7376-ad77-4a63-8a67-4a0aaaa9cb9b
                Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 18 January 2021
                : 01 October 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003621, Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning;
                Award ID: IBS-R008-D1
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003725, National Research Foundation of Korea;
                Award ID: NRF-2015M3A9E6028674
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003725, National Research Foundation of Korea;
                Award ID: NRF-2020R1A2C2012300
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003725, National Research Foundation of Korea;
                Award ID: NRF-2016R1A5A1010764
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003725, National Research Foundation of Korea;
                Award ID: NRF-2017M3A9D8064193
                Funded by: Suh Kyungbae Foundation;
                Award ID: N/A
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003725, National Research Foundation of Korea;
                Award ID: NRF-2021R1I1A1A01059252
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biomedicine and Life Sciences
                SciAdv r-articles
                Diseases and Disorders
                Health and Medicine
                Diseases and Disorders
                Custom metadata
                Penchie Limbo

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