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      A global meta-analysis of the ecological impacts of alien species on native amphibians

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          Abstract

          The exponential increase in species introductions during the Anthropocene has brought about a major loss of biodiversity. Amphibians have suffered large declines, with more than 16% considered to be threatened by invasive species. We conducted a global meta-analysis of the impacts of alien species on native amphibians to determine which aspects of amphibian ecology are most affected by plant, invertebrate, fish, amphibian, reptile, or mammal introductions. Measures of fitness were most strongly affected; amphibian performance was consistently lower in the presence of alien species. While exposure to alien species caused a significant decrease in amphibian behavioural activity when compared with a no species control, this response was stronger towards a control of native impacting species. This indicates a high degree of prey naiveté towards alien species and highlights the importance of using different types of controls in empirical studies. Alien invertebrates had the greatest overall impact on amphibians. This study sets a new agenda for research on biological invasions, highlighting the lack of studies investigating the impacts of alien species on amphibian terrestrial life-history stages. It also emphasizes the strong ecological impacts that alien species have on amphibian fitness and suggests that future introductions or global spread of alien invertebrates could strongly exacerbate current amphibian declines.

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          Most cited references38

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          SCARED TO DEATH? THE EFFECTS OF INTIMIDATION AND CONSUMPTION IN PREDATOR–PREY INTERACTIONS

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            Predator-prey naïveté, antipredator behavior, and the ecology of predator invasions

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              Global Amphibian Declines: A Problem in Applied Ecology

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Proc Biol Sci
                Proc. Biol. Sci
                RSPB
                royprsb
                Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
                The Royal Society
                0962-8452
                1471-2954
                27 February 2019
                27 February 2019
                : 286
                : 1897
                : 20182528
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch, South Africa
                [2 ] South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre , Cape Town, South Africa
                Author notes

                Electronic supplementary material is available online at https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4395302.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5489-819X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2301-6676
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2407-914X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3585-7592
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4353-3638
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1580-0775
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-8088
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9939-7615
                Article
                PMC6408899 PMC6408899 6408899 rspb20182528
                10.1098/rspb.2018.2528
                6408899
                30963838
                761c9fbc-ff42-4258-9a86-e3b5b884b80e
                © 2019 The Author(s)

                Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.

                History
                : 8 November 2018
                : 1 February 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology;
                Funded by: South African National Biodiversity Institute;
                Categories
                1001
                60
                14
                69
                Ecology
                Research Article
                Custom metadata
                February 27, 2019

                prey naiveté,invertebrates,literature review,alien species,amphibian decline,fitness

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