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      Nurse training in Japan: contribution to the foundation of the Casa de Parto birthing center in Rio de Janeiro Translated title: Capacitação de enfermeiras no Japão: contribuição para a implantação da Casa de Parto no Rio de Janeiro Translated title: Capacitación de enfermeras en Japón: contribución para la implantación de la Casa de Parto en Rio de Janeiro

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          Abstract

          This study was performed using a historical-social approach and aimed at discussing how the Brazilian nurse midwives trained in the Japanese birthing centers helped implement Casa de Parto in Rio de Janeiro-RJ in 2003. The primary sources of information were written and oral documentation found in collections and semi-structured interviews. The analysis happened in three steps: organization, classification and data triangulation. In order to support the analysis, concepts of habitus, field, symbolic capital and power were adopted. Results showed that the training of nurses at the Japanese birthing centers by taking a course on birth assistance was a government strategy to reconfigure the obstetrics field, which updated the habitus of these nurse midwives. Both Rio de Janeiro nurses appointed by the City to take the training course acquired better positions, which contributed to the foundation of the Casa de Parto birthing center in Rio de Janeiro.

          Translated abstract

          Estudo qualitativo com abordagem histórico-social que discutiu as contribuições da capacitação das enfermeiras obstétricas brasileiras nos centros de partos normais japoneses para a implantação da Casa de Parto, no município do Rio de Janeiro-RJ, no ano 2003. As fontes primárias foram documentos escritos e orais obtidos em acervos e através de entrevista semiestruturada. As etapas da análise foram: ordenação, classificação e triangulação dos dados. Para sustentação da análise foram utilizados os conceitos de campo, habitus, poder simbólico e capital. Os resultados revelaram que a capacitação das enfermeiras obstétricas no Curso de Assistência ao Parto, nas Casas de Parto do Japão, foi uma estratégia do governo federal para reconfigurar o campo obstétrico que atualizou o habitus dessas enfermeiras. As duas enfermeiras indicadas pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, ao voltarem dessa capacitação, ocuparam cargos institucionais que viabilizaram o funcionamento da Casa de Parto nesse município.

          Translated abstract

          Estudio cualitativo histórico-social que discute las contribuciones de la capacitación de las enfermeras obstetras brasileñas en los centros de parto normales japoneses para la implantación de la Casa de Parto en Rio de Janeiro-RJ, en 2003. Las fuentes son documentos escritos y orales obtenidos en acervos y a través de entrevista semi-estructurada. Las etapas del análisis: ordenación, clasificación y triangulación de los datos. Para basar el análisis se utilizaron los conceptos de campo, habitus, poder simbólico y capital. Los resultados revelaron que la capacitación de las enfermeras obstétricas en el Curso de Asistencia al Parto en las Casas de Parto de Japón fue una estrategia del Gobierno Federal para reconfigurar el campo obstétrico que actualizó en habitus de estas enfermeras. Las dos enfermeras propuestas por la Secretaría Municipal de Sanidad-RJ al regreso del curso de formación ocuparon cargos institucionales que viabilizaron el funcionamiento de la Casa de Parto.

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          O desafio do conhecimento. Pesquisa qualitativa em saúde

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            Facilitators and barriers in the humanization of childbirth practice in Japan

            Background Humanizing birth means considering women's values, beliefs, and feelings and respecting their dignity and autonomy during the birthing process. Reducing over-medicalized childbirths, empowering women and the use of evidence-based maternity practice are strategies that promote humanized birth. Nevertheless, the territory of birth and its socio-cultural values and beliefs concerning child bearing can deeply affect birthing practices. The present study aims to explore the Japanese child birthing experience in different birth settings where the humanization of childbirth has been indentified among the priority goals of the institutions concerned, and also to explore the obstacles and facilitators encountered in the practice of humanized birth in those centres. Methods A qualitative field research design was used in this study. Forty four individuals and nine institutions were recruited. Data was collected through observation, field notes, focus groups, informal and semi-structured interviews. A qualitative content analysis was performed. Results All the settings had implemented strategies aimed at reducing caesarean sections, and keeping childbirth as natural as possible. The barriers and facilitators encountered in the practice of humanized birth were categorized into four main groups: rules and strategies, physical structure, contingency factors, and individual factors. The most important barriers identified in humanized birth care were the institutional rules and strategies that restricted the presence of a birth companion. The main facilitators were women's own cultural values and beliefs in a natural birth, and institutional strategies designed to prevent unnecessary medical interventions. Conclusions The Japanese birthing institutions which have identified as part of their mission to instate humanized birth have, as a whole, been successful in improving care. However, barriers remain to achieving the ultimate goal. Importantly, the cultural values and beliefs of Japanese women regarding natural birth is an important factor promoting the humanization of childbirth in Japan.
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              From 'culture of dehumanization of childbirth' to 'childbirth as a transformative experience': changes in five municipalities in north-east Brazil.

              Brazil has become a country known as having one of the most extreme examples of the consequences of the hospital-based medicalization of delivery care, while a model of humanization of birth was developed in the State of Ceará in the 1970s. The Government of Japan, through the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA), collaborated with the Federal Ministry of Health of Brazil and the Government of the State of Ceará, in implementing the Maternal and Child Health Improvement Project in north-east Brazil (1996-2001). This project focused on 'humanization of childbirth', with training based intervention activities. Behavioral changes among health professionals who received the project's participatory type of training were described using rapid anthropological assessment procedure (RAP) survey results. Changes from 'a culture of dehumanization of childbirth' to 'childbirth as a transformative experience' were observed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                tce
                Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem
                Texto contexto - enferm.
                Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem (, SC, Brazil )
                0104-0707
                1980-265X
                March 2013
                : 22
                : 1
                : 193-200
                Affiliations
                [01] Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Faculdade de Enfermagem Brasil jmprogi@ 123456uol.com.br
                [02] Rio de Janeiro orgnameUERJ orgdiv1Faculdade de Enfermagem orgdiv2Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil Brasil adrianalenho.uerj@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S0104-07072013000100023 S0104-0707(13)02200100023
                58e2c632-ef0b-4d74-9350-d281a2ab9535

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 September 2012
                : 02 December 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 16, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Revista de Enfermagem

                Categories
                Original Article

                Educación en enfermería,History of nursing,Humanizing delivery,Women's health,Obstetrical nursing,Education, nursing,História da enfermagem,Parto humanizado,Saúde da mulher,Enfermagem obstétrica,Educação em enfermagem,Salud de la mujer,Historia de la enfermería,Enfermería obstétrica

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