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      Atividades de vida e diagnósticos de enfermagem na população de rua Translated title: Life activities and nursing diagnoses of the street population Translated title: Actividades de vida y diagnósticos de enfermería en la población de la calle

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o desempenho das atividades de vida diárias e identificar diagnósticos de enfermagem de pessoas em situação de rua. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado de abril a julho de 2017, com 52 pessoas. Para coleta de dados, foi utilizado instrumento fundamentado no modelo teórico de Roper-Logan e Tierney. Foram consideradas dependentes as atividades de vida com frequência igual ou superior a 40%, para inferência dos diagnósticos utilizou-se referencial de Risner. Resultados: as atividades de vida dependentes foram: trabalho e distração (92,3%), morte (88,5%), sexualidade (76,9%), sono (71,2%), manter ambiente seguro (71,2%), respirar (61,5%), eliminar (53,8%) e alimentar-se (51,9%). Os diagnósticos mais frequentes: Disposição para comunicação melhorada (96%), Desobstrução ineficaz das vias aéreas (94%), Risco de contaminação (77%) e Controle de impulsos ineficaz (73%). Conclusão: evidenciou-se que pessoas em situação de rua possuem dependência de cuidados em atividades de vida diária relacionados a aspectos fisiológicos, sociais e emocionais.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate performance of activities of daily living (ADLs) and to identify nursing diagnoses for people living on the streets. Methods: in this cross-sectional study of 52 people, data were collected between April and July 2017 using an instrument based on the Roper-Logan-Tierney theoretical model. ADLs with frequency of 40% or more were considered to be care-dependent; diagnoses were inferred using a Risner framework. Results: dependent ADLs were: working and playing (92.3%), dying (88.5%), expressing sexuality (76.9%), sleeping (71.2%), maintaining a safe environment (71.2 %), breathing (61.5%), eliminating body wastes (53.8%), and eating (51.9%). The most frequent diagnoses were: improved communication disposition (96%), ineffective airway clearance (94%), contamination risk (77%), and ineffective impulse control (73%). Conclusion: people living on the streets were found to be dependent on care in physiological, social and emotional ADLs.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el desempeño de las actividades de la vida diaria e identificar diagnósticos de enfermería para personas que viven en la calle. Métodos: estudio transversal, realizado entre abril y julio de 2017, con 52 personas. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un instrumento basado en el modelo teórico de Roper-Logan y Tierney. Se consideraron como dependientes las actividades de vida con una frecuencia igual o superior al 40%. Para inferir los diagnósticos se utilizó el modelo referencial de Risner. Resultados: las actividades de la vida dependientes fueron: trabajo y distracción (92,3%), muerte (88,5%), sexualidad (76,9%), sueño (71,2%), mantener un ambiente seguro (71,2%), respirar (61,5%), eliminar (53,8%) y alimentarse (51,9%). Los diagnósticos más frecuentes: Mejora de la disposición comunicativa (96%), Limpieza ineficaz de la vía aérea (94%), Riesgo de contaminación (77%) y Control ineficaz de los impulsos (73%). Conclusión: se evidenció que las personas que viven en la calle son dependientes de cuidados en las actividades de la vida diaria relacionadas con los aspectos fisiológicos, sociales y emocionales.

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          Pessoas em Situação de Rua no Brasil: Revisão Sistemática

          Resumo: A presença de pessoas que fazem das ruas sua moradia é uma realidade inconteste e vem se intensificando no Brasil. Realizou-se esta pesquisa com o objetivo de investigar o que foi produzido sobre pessoas nessa condição entre 2006 a 2016 no Portal de Periódicos Capes e no Banco de Teses & Dissertações Capes. Foram analisados os resumos e as conclusões de 115 produções científicas brasileiras, sendo 27 artigos, 81 dissertações e sete teses. Constatou-se que no ano de 2014 houve maior produção científica sobre o tema (19,13%) e que há uma concentração de pesquisas na área da Psicologia (26,13%). As produções científicas apresentaram temas variados, sendo categorizadas por tópicos: singularidades e diversidades; razões e motivações para a vida nas ruas; os diferentes modos de viver e sobreviver em situação de rua; construção social da imagem; interlocuções entre saúde e assistência social; relação com a cidade e os processos de saída das ruas. Embora o interesse em investigar o fenômeno de pessoas que habitam as ruas venha se intensificando, indicamos a necessidade de novas pesquisas para que possam apontar indicadores para a construção de políticas públicas atenta aos direitos dessa população.
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            Characteristics and Factors Associated With Pain in Older Homeless Individuals: Results From the Health Outcomes in People Experiencing Homelessness in Older Middle Age (HOPE HOME) Study

            Individuals experiencing homelessness in the United States are aging; little is known about chronic pain in this population. In a cross-sectional, population-based study, we interviewed 350 homeless individuals aged 50 years and older to describe pain experienced by older persons experiencing homelessness and to assess factors associated with chronic moderate to severe pain, defined as pain lasting ≥3 months, with a past week average severity score of 5 to 10 (scale 0-10). The median age of participants was 58 years. Participants were predominantly African American (79.6%) and male (77.3%). Overall, 46.8% reported chronic moderate to severe pain. Almost half of participants reported a diagnosis of arthritis (44.3%) and one-third reported symptoms consistent with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 32.8%). Three-quarters (75.3%) endorsed a personal history of abuse. In multivariate analyses, PTSD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-3.7), arthritis (AOR: 4.8, 95% CI, 3.0-7.8), and history of experiencing abuse (AOR: 2.4, 95% CI, 1.3-4.3) were associated with chronic moderate to severe pain. HIV status, diabetes, depressive symptoms, and substance use were not associated with pain. Clinicians should consider the management of associated mental health conditions and the sequelae of experiencing abuse in the treatment of chronic pain in older adults experiencing homelessness.
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              Mental, neurologic, and substance use (MNS) disorders among street homeless people in Ethiopia

              Background About 25–60% of the homeless population is reported to have some form of mental disorder. To our knowledge, there are no studies aimed at the screening, diagnosis, treatment, care, rehabilitation, and support of homeless people with mental, neurologic, and substance use (MNS) disorders in general in Ethiopia. This is the first study of its kind in Africa which was aimed at screening, diagnosis, care, treatment, rehabilitation, and support of homeless individuals with possible MNS disorder. Methods Community-based survey was conducted from January to March 2015. Homeless people who had overt and observable psychopathology and positive for screening instruments (SRQ20, ASSIST, and PSQ) were involved in the survey and further assessed for possible diagnosis by structured clinical interview for DSM-IV diagnoses and international diagnostic criteria for seizure disorders for possible involvement in care, treatment, rehabilitation services, support, and training. The Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS version 20) was used for data entry, clearance, and analyses. Results A total of 456 homeless people were involved in the survey. Majority of the participants were male (n = 402; 88.16%). Most of the homeless participants had migrated into Addis Ababa from elsewhere in Ethiopia and Eritrea (62.50%). Mental, neurologic, and substance use disorders resulted to be common problems in the study participants (92.11%; n = 420). Most of the participants with mental, neurologic, and substance use disorders (85.29%; n = 354) had psychotic disorders. Most of those with psychosis had schizophrenia (77.40%; n = 274). Almost all of the participants had a history of substance use (93.20%; n = 425) and about one in ten individuals had substance use disorders (10.54%; n = 48). Most of the participants with substance use disorder had comorbid other mental and neurologic disorders (83.33%; n = 40). Conclusion and recommendation Mental, neurologic, and substance use disorders are common (92.11%) among street homeless people in Ethiopia. The development of centers for care, treatment, rehabilitation, and support of homeless people with mental, neurologic, and substance use disorders is warranted. In addition, it is necessary to improve the accessibility of mental health services and promote better integration between mental and primary health care services, as a means to offer a better general care and to possibly prevent homelessness among mentally ill.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                reuerj
                Revista Enfermagem UERJ
                Rev. enferm. UERJ
                Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0104-3552
                2021
                : 29
                : e56956
                Affiliations
                [4] orgnameUniversidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira Brazil
                [1] Ceará orgnameUniversidade Federal do Ceará Brazil
                [3] Pernambuco orgnameInstituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco Brazil
                [2] Ceará orgnameUniversidade Estadual do Vale do Acaraú Brazil
                Article
                S0104-35522021000100317 S0104-3552(21)02900000317
                10.12957/reuerj.2021.56956
                2cda5c98-b7de-4564-a742-7af620feb37a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 January 2021
                : 20 May 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Revista de Enfermagem

                Categories
                Artigo de Pesquisa

                Nursing Diagnosis,Teoria de Enfermagem,Diagnóstico de Enfermagem,Pessoas em Situação de Rua,Atividades Cotidianas,Nursing Theory,Homeless Persons,Activities of Daily Living,Teoría de Enfermería,Diagnóstico de Enfermería,Personas sin Hogar,Actividades Cotidianas

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