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      Disentangling body image: The relative associations of overvaluation, dissatisfaction, and preoccupation with psychological distress and eating disorder behaviors in male and female adolescents.

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          Abstract

          The distinctiveness and relative clinical significance of overvaluation, dissatisfaction, and preoccupation with body weight/shape remains inconclusive. This study sought to add to the evidence by testing associations between these three body image constructs and indicators of clinical significance.

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          The Eating Attitudes Test: an index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa

          David M Garner, Paul Garfinkel (2009)
          Psychological Medicine, 9(2), 273-279 Data on the development of a 40-item measure of the symptoms in anorexia nervosa are reported. The scale (EAT) is presented in a 6-point, forced choice, self-report format which is easily administered and scored. The EAT was validated using 2 groups of female anorexia nervosa patients ( = 32 and 33) and female control subjects ( = 34 and 59). Total EAT score was significantly correlated with criterion group membership( = 0·87, < 0·001), suggesting a high level of concurrent validity. There was very little overlap in the frequency distributions of the 2 groups and only 7% of the normal controls scored as high as the lowest anorexic patient. Female obese and male subjects also scored significantly lower on the EAT than anorexics. Recovered anorexic patients scored in the normal range on the test, suggesting that the EAT is sensitive to clinical remission.
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            Psychometric evaluation of the eating disorder examination and eating disorder examination-questionnaire: a systematic review of the literature.

            Kelly Berg, Carol Peterson, Patricia Frazier … (2012)
            The purpose of this study was to systematically review the reliability of scores on the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) and the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and to examine the validity of their use as measures of eating disorder symptoms. Articles describing the psychometric properties of the EDE and EDE-Q were identified in a systematic search of major computer databases and a review of reference lists. Articles were selected based on a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fifteen studies were identified that examined the psychometrics of the EDE, whereas 10 studies were found that examined the psychometrics of the EDE-Q. Both instruments demonstrated reliability of scores. There is evidence that scores on the EDE and EDE-Q correlate with scores on measures of similar constructs and support for using the instruments to distinguish between cases and non-cases. Additional research is needed to broaden the generalizability of the findings. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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              Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q): norms for young adult women.

              J. Mond, P. Hay, B. Rodgers … (2006)
              In order to establish norms for the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) among young adult women, the questionnaire was administered to a large general population sample of women aged 18-42 yr in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) region of Australia. Normative data were derived for EDE-Q subscales and for the occurrence of specific eating disorder behaviours, for each of five age bands (18-22, 23-27, 28-32, 33-37, 38-42 yr). Mean scores (SDs) for the Restraint, Eating Concern, Weight Concern and Shape Concern subscales for the total sample (n = 5,255) were, respectively, 1.30 (1.40), 0.76 (1.06), 1.79 (1.51) and 2.23 (1.65). The mean global score was 1.52 (1.25). The regular occurrence of objective and subjective overeating episodes was reported by 10.6% and 12.7% of participants, respectively. The regular use of self-induced vomiting, laxative misuse, and use of diuretics, was reported by 1.4%, 1.0%, and 0.3%, of participants, respectively, while 2.2% of participants reported regularly using diet pills. "Extreme dietary restraint" and "excessive exercise" were reported by 3.4% and 4.9% of participants, respectively. Both attitudinal and behavioural features of eating disorder psychopathology tended to decrease with increasing age. These data will inform researchers intending to use the EDE-Q in epidemiological studies.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Eat Disord
                Title: The International journal of eating disorders
                Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
                ISSN (Electronic): 1098-108X
                ISSN (Print): 0276-3478
                Publication date (Electronic): Feb 2017
                Volume: 50
                Issue: 2
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
                [2 ] School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
                [3 ] Centre for Health Research, Sydney, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia.
                [4 ] Department of Psychology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
                [5 ] Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California.
                [6 ] Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
                Article
                DOI: 10.1002/eat.22592
                PubMed ID: 27539911
                SO-VID: afb829a0-7d10-4b55-b9da-1db954124a65

                Keywords: body image,boys,community-based,dissatisfaction,eating disorder behaviours,girls,mediation,overvaluation,preoccupation
                Data availability:
                Keywords: body image, boys, community-based, dissatisfaction, eating disorder behaviours, girls, mediation, overvaluation, preoccupation

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