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      Understanding Death and Grief in the Context of Pandemics — Challenges and Support in Response to COVID-19

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      Inter
      Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCTAS RAS)

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          Abstract

          This article presents a preliminary inquiry into the impacts of COVID-19 on death, dying and bereavement. Adopting a sociological lens, this inquiry explores how social norms and values have shaped and been shaped by experiences of loss and grief amid COVID-19 outbreak. By examining relevant media and academic discourses, the author critically analyses the challenges confronted by those experiencing dying and grieving during this pandemic, and further envisages needs for better bereavement support moving forward. It finds that both individuals and collectives express diverse needs in response to COVID-19 related loss and grief. This highlights grief as a process of meaning-making, emphasising the importance of timely, holistic and continuous support. Further, the significance of socio-cultural environments also become evident. Ultimately, this article explores avenues for further developing bereavement support.

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          Most cited references9

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          Defining a Good Death (Successful Dying): Literature Review and a Call for Research and Public Dialogue.

          There is little agreement about what constitutes good death or successful dying. The authors conducted a literature search for published, English-language, peer-reviewed reports of qualitative and quantitative studies that provided a definition of a good death. Stakeholders in these articles included patients, prebereaved and bereaved family members, and healthcare providers (HCPs). Definitions found were categorized into core themes and subthemes, and the frequency of each theme was determined by stakeholder (patients, family, HCPs) perspectives. Thirty-six studies met eligibility criteria, with 50% of patient perspective articles including individuals over age 60 years. We identified 11 core themes of good death: preferences for a specific dying process, pain-free status, religiosity/spirituality, emotional well-being, life completion, treatment preferences, dignity, family, quality of life, relationship with HCP, and other. The top three themes across all stakeholder groups were preferences for dying process (94% of reports), pain-free status (81%), and emotional well-being (64%). However, some discrepancies among the respondent groups were noted in the core themes: Family perspectives included life completion (80%), quality of life (70%), dignity (70%), and presence of family (70%) more frequently than did patient perspectives regarding those items (35%-55% each). In contrast, religiosity/spirituality was reported somewhat more often in patient perspectives (65%) than in family perspectives (50%). Taking into account the limitations of the literature, further research is needed on the impact of divergent perspectives on end-of-life care. Dialogues among the stakeholders for each individual must occur to ensure a good death from the most critical viewpoint-the patient's.
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            A new model of grief: Bereavement and biography

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              Grief literacy: A call to action for compassionate communities

              The compassionate communities movement challenges the notion that death and dying should be housed within clinical and institutional contexts, and works to normalize conversations about death and dying by promoting death literacy and dialogue in public spaces. Community-based practices and conversations about grief remain marginal in this agenda. We aimed to theorize how grief could be better conceptualized and operationalized within the compassionate communities movement. We develop the concept of Grief Literacy and present vignettes to illustrate a grief literate society. Grief literacy augments the concept of death literacy, thereby further enhancing the potential of the compassionate communities approach.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Inter
                inter
                Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCTAS RAS)
                23072075
                2020
                2020
                : 12
                : 4
                : 46-52
                Affiliations
                [1 ]University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom cf493@bath.ac.uk
                Article
                10.19181/inter.2020.12.4.4
                3116a91d-3b8f-40ca-8ec1-2947951833ad
                © 2020
                History

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