Does Nutrition Play a Role in the Prevention and Management of Sarcopenia? – ScienceOpen
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      Does Nutrition Play a Role in the Prevention and Management of Sarcopenia?

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          Abstract

          There is a growing body of evidence that links nutrition to muscle mass, strength and function in older adults, suggesting that it has an important role to play both in the prevention and management of sarcopenia. This review summarises the discussions of a working group [ESCEO working group meeting 8 th September 2016] that met to review current evidence and to consider its implications for preventive and treatment strategies. The review points to the importance of ‘healthier’ dietary patterns that are adequate in quality in older age, to ensure sufficient intakes of protein, vitamin D, antioxidant nutrients and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. In particular, there is substantial evidence to support the roles of dietary protein and physical activity as key anabolic stimuli for muscle protein synthesis. However, much of the evidence is observational and from high-income countries. Further high-quality trials, particularly from more diverse populations, are needed to enable an understanding of dose and duration effects of individual nutrients on function, to elucidate mechanistic links, and to define optimal profiles and patterns of nutrient intake for older adults.

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          Dietary pattern analysis: a new direction in nutritional epidemiology.

          Frank Hu (2002)
          Recently, dietary pattern analysis has emerged as an alternative and complementary approach to examining the relationship between diet and the risk of chronic diseases. Instead of looking at individual nutrients or foods, pattern analysis examines the effects of overall diet. Conceptually, dietary patterns represent a broader picture of food and nutrient consumption, and may thus be more predictive of disease risk than individual foods or nutrients. Several studies have suggested that dietary patterns derived from factor or cluster analysis predict disease risk or mortality. In addition, there is growing interest in using dietary quality indices to evaluate whether adherence to a certain dietary pattern (e.g. Mediterranean pattern) or current dietary guidelines lowers the risk of disease. In this review, we describe the rationale for studying dietary patterns, and discuss quantitative methods for analysing dietary patterns and their reproducibility and validity, and the available evidence regarding the relationship between major dietary patterns and the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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            The Loss of Skeletal Muscle Strength, Mass, and Quality in Older Adults: The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study

            The loss of muscle mass is considered to be a major determinant of strength loss in aging. However, large-scale longitudinal studies examining the association between the loss of mass and strength in older adults are lacking.
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              Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: a position paper from the PROT-AGE Study Group.

              New evidence shows that older adults need more dietary protein than do younger adults to support good health, promote recovery from illness, and maintain functionality. Older people need to make up for age-related changes in protein metabolism, such as high splanchnic extraction and declining anabolic responses to ingested protein. They also need more protein to offset inflammatory and catabolic conditions associated with chronic and acute diseases that occur commonly with aging. With the goal of developing updated, evidence-based recommendations for optimal protein intake by older people, the European Union Geriatric Medicine Society (EUGMS), in cooperation with other scientific organizations, appointed an international study group to review dietary protein needs with aging (PROT-AGE Study Group). To help older people (>65 years) maintain and regain lean body mass and function, the PROT-AGE study group recommends average daily intake at least in the range of 1.0 to 1.2 g protein per kilogram of body weight per day. Both endurance- and resistance-type exercises are recommended at individualized levels that are safe and tolerated, and higher protein intake (ie, ≥ 1.2 g/kg body weight/d) is advised for those who are exercising and otherwise active. Most older adults who have acute or chronic diseases need even more dietary protein (ie, 1.2-1.5 g/kg body weight/d). Older people with severe kidney disease (ie, estimated GFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), but who are not on dialysis, are an exception to this rule; these individuals may need to limit protein intake. Protein quality, timing of ingestion, and intake of other nutritional supplements may be relevant, but evidence is not yet sufficient to support specific recommendations. Older people are vulnerable to losses in physical function capacity, and such losses predict loss of independence, falls, and even mortality. Thus, future studies aimed at pinpointing optimal protein intake in specific populations of older people need to include measures of physical function. Copyright © 2013 American Medical Directors Association, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                On behalf of : and the ESCEO working group
                Journal
                8309603
                20838
                Clin Nutr
                Clin Nutr
                Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)
                0261-5614
                1532-1983
                26 October 2017
                24 August 2017
                August 2018
                01 February 2019
                : 37
                : 4
                : 1121-1132
                Affiliations
                [1 ]MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
                [2 ]NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital, Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
                [3 ]Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital, Liège, Belgium
                [4 ]Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 14, Switzerland
                [5 ]Institute for Health and Aging, Catholic University of Australia, Melbourne, Australia
                [6 ]University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
                [7 ]Gerontology and Frailty in Ageing Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
                [8 ]Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
                [9 ]Gérontopôle, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
                [10 ]INSERM UMR1027, University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
                [11 ]Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
                [12 ]Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, USA
                [13 ]Department of Endocrinology and Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
                [14 ]Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Rome, Milano, Italy
                [15 ]Geriatric Department, Clinica Los Manzanos, Grupo Viamed, Lardero, Spain
                [16 ]Department of Geriatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
                [17 ]Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse); UMR INSERM 1027, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
                [18 ]NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
                [19 ]Gérontopôle, CHU Toulouse; Service de Médecine Interne et Gérontologie Clinique. 170 Avenue de Casselardit, 31059 Toulouse, France
                [20 ]Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
                [21 ]Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
                [22 ]National Institute for Health Research Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Professor Cyrus Cooper, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton), Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK. Tel: +44 (0)23 8077 7624, Fax: +44 (0)23 8070 4021, cc@ 123456mrc.soton.ac.uk
                [*]

                ESCEO working group: Al-Daghri N, Allepaerts S, Bauer J, Brandi ML, Cederholm T, Cherubini A, Cruz Jentoft A, Laviano A, Maggi S, McCloskey EV, Petermans J, Roubenoff R, Rueda R.

                Article
                PMC5796643 PMC5796643 5796643 ems74693
                10.1016/j.clnu.2017.08.016
                5796643
                28927897
                fead2934-0db1-4bb8-a411-e8d09efb0dd7
                History
                Categories
                Article

                Supplementation,Muscle strength,Physical performance,Nutrition,Sarcopenia,Muscle mass

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