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      Validation of the 7th edition American Joint Committee on cancer staging system for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

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          Abstract

          The purpose of this study is to investigate the ability of the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor-nodes-metastasis (AJCC/TNM) staging system to distinguish between patients at higher risk and to predict the overall survival in patients who underwent surgical resection for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

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          Most cited references26

          • Record: found
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          Cancer statistics, 2009.

          A. Jemal, R. Siegel, E. Ward … (2009)
          Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Incidence and death rates are standardized by age to the 2000 United States standard million population. A total of 1,479,350 new cancer cases and 562,340 deaths from cancer are projected to occur in the United States in 2009. Overall cancer incidence rates decreased in the most recent time period in both men (1.8% per year from 2001 to 2005) and women (0.6% per year from 1998 to 2005), largely because of decreases in the three major cancer sites in men (lung, prostate, and colon and rectum [colorectum]) and in two major cancer sites in women (breast and colorectum). Overall cancer death rates decreased in men by 19.2% between 1990 and 2005, with decreases in lung (37%), prostate (24%), and colorectal (17%) cancer rates accounting for nearly 80% of the total decrease. Among women, overall cancer death rates between 1991 and 2005 decreased by 11.4%, with decreases in breast (37%) and colorectal (24%) cancer rates accounting for 60% of the total decrease. The reduction in the overall cancer death rates has resulted in the avoidance of about 650,000 deaths from cancer over the 15-year period. This report also examines cancer incidence, mortality, and survival by site, sex, race/ethnicity, education, geographic area, and calendar year. Although progress has been made in reducing incidence and mortality rates and improving survival, cancer still accounts for more deaths than heart disease in persons younger than 85 years of age. Further progress can be accelerated by applying existing cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population and by supporting new discoveries in cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment.
          Article 0 comments Cited 293 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            The number of lymph nodes removed predicts survival in esophageal cancer: an international study on the impact of extent of surgical resection.

            Christian G Peyre, Jeffrey A. Hagen, Steven DeMeester … (2008)
            Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data indicate that number of lymph nodes removed impacts survival in gastric cancer. Our aim was to study this relationship in esophageal cancer. The study population included 2303 esophageal cancer patients (1381 adenocarcinoma, 922 squamous) from 9 international centers that had R0 esophagectomy prior to 2002 and were followed at regular intervals for 5 years or until death. Patients treated with neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy were excluded. Operations consisted of esophagectomy with (1700) and without (603) thoracotomy. Median number of nodes removed was 17 (IQR10-29). There were 508 patients with stage I, 853 stage II, and 942 stage III. Five-year survival was 40%. Cox regression analysis showed that the number of lymph nodes removed was an independent predictor of survival (P < 0.0001). The optimal threshold predicted by Cox regression for this survival benefit was removal of a minimum of 23 nodes. Other independent predictors of survival were the number of involved nodes, depth of invasion, presence of nodal metastasis, and cell type. The number of lymph nodes removed is an independent predictor of survival after esophagectomy for cancer. To maximize this survival benefit a minimum of 23 regional lymph nodes must be removed.
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              Radical lymph node dissection for cancer of the thoracic esophagus.

              H Udagawa, Y Kajiyama, M Tsurumaru … (1994)
              The authors documented the localization and frequency of lymphatic spread in squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus and evaluated the influence of radical systematic lymph node dissection on patient survival. From accumulated surgical experience, it was suggested that some of the patients with lymph nodal involvement from cancer could be cured by its clearance. However, it is only recently that cancer of the esophagus has been evaluated in terms of analyzing lymphatic spread and results of lymphadenectomy. Among 1298 patients admitted to the Toranomon Hospital between 1973 and 1993, 913 (70.3%) had resections, including curative and palliative procedures. For this study, 717 patients with TNM RO (resection with no residual tumor at operation in TNM classification) were analyzed. Survival was compared between groups of patients with less extensive thoracoabdominal (two-field) dissections and extensive collothoracoabdominal (three-field) dissections. Comparative study revealed that 5-year survival rate for TNM RO patients after free-field dissection (55.0%) was significantly better (log rank test, p = 0.0013) than the rate after two-field dissection (38.3%). The results were particularly significant in subgroups with stage III and IV (because of nodal factor). Overall 5-year survival rate after all resections was 42.4%. The role of radical lymph node dissection in cancer of the thoracic esophagus evaluated. Long-term survival was compared between two groups with two- and three-field dissection. It was concluded that survival rate was significantly better in patients with extensive three-field dissection.
              Article 0 comments Cited 116 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Thorac Cancer
                Title: Thoracic cancer
                Publisher: Wiley
                ISSN (Electronic): 1759-7714
                ISSN (Print): 1759-7706
                Publication date (Electronic): Nov 2013
                Volume: 4
                Issue: 4
                Affiliations
                [1 ] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.
                [2 ] Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
                [3 ] Institute of Hepatology, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
                Article
                DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12039
                PubMed ID: 28920222
                SO-VID: 0e1c04a5-b38f-4ab8-9edc-ab1036b66fcb
                History

                Keywords: AJCC/TNM,the 7th edition,staging system,esophageal cancer
                Data availability:
                Keywords: AJCC/TNM, the 7th edition, staging system, esophageal cancer

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