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      Bi-doped graphitic carbon nitride nanotubes boost the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B

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          Abstract

          Polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) is an emerging metal-free photocatalyst with high stability but is plagued by low photocatalytic efficiency due to the rapid charge carrier recombination behavior.

          Abstract

          Polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) is an emerging metal-free photocatalyst with high stability but is plagued by low photocatalytic efficiency due to the rapid charge carrier recombination behavior. Herein, Bi-doped graphitic carbon nitride nanotubes (BCN nanotubes) with a porous structure have been facilely prepared by one-step thermal polymerization of mixtures of melamine, urea and bismuth nitrate pentahydrate under an Ar atmosphere. With unique structural advantages for charge carrier transfer, light harvesting, and large surface area, the as-prepared BCN nanotubes exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Rhodamine (Rh) B with a 26.8-fold higher reaction rate than that of PCN under visible light irradiation. This work provides informative principles about the synthesis of PCN with controlled morphology and element doping simultaneously for the photocatalytic degradation of chemical pollutants.

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          Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4)-Based Photocatalysts for Artificial Photosynthesis and Environmental Remediation: Are We a Step Closer To Achieving Sustainability?

          Wee-Jun Ong, Lling-Lling Tan, Yun Ng … (2016)
          As a fascinating conjugated polymer, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has become a new research hotspot and drawn broad interdisciplinary attention as a metal-free and visible-light-responsive photocatalyst in the arena of solar energy conversion and environmental remediation. This is due to its appealing electronic band structure, high physicochemical stability, and "earth-abundant" nature. This critical review summarizes a panorama of the latest progress related to the design and construction of pristine g-C3N4 and g-C3N4-based nanocomposites, including (1) nanoarchitecture design of bare g-C3N4, such as hard and soft templating approaches, supramolecular preorganization assembly, exfoliation, and template-free synthesis routes, (2) functionalization of g-C3N4 at an atomic level (elemental doping) and molecular level (copolymerization), and (3) modification of g-C3N4 with well-matched energy levels of another semiconductor or a metal as a cocatalyst to form heterojunction nanostructures. The construction and characteristics of each classification of the heterojunction system will be critically reviewed, namely metal-g-C3N4, semiconductor-g-C3N4, isotype g-C3N4/g-C3N4, graphitic carbon-g-C3N4, conducting polymer-g-C3N4, sensitizer-g-C3N4, and multicomponent heterojunctions. The band structures, electronic properties, optical absorption, and interfacial charge transfer of g-C3N4-based heterostructured nanohybrids will also be theoretically discussed based on the first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations to provide insightful outlooks on the charge carrier dynamics. Apart from that, the advancement of the versatile photoredox applications toward artificial photosynthesis (water splitting and photofixation of CO2), environmental decontamination, and bacteria disinfection will be presented in detail. Last but not least, this comprehensive review will conclude with a summary and some invigorating perspectives on the challenges and future directions at the forefront of this research platform. It is anticipated that this review can stimulate a new research doorway to facilitate the next generation of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts with ameliorated performances by harnessing the outstanding structural, electronic, and optical properties for the development of a sustainable future without environmental detriment.
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            Polymeric photocatalysts based on graphitic carbon nitride.

            Shaowen Cao, Jingxiang Low, Jiaguo Yu … (2015)
            Semiconductor-based photocatalysis is considered to be an attractive way for solving the worldwide energy shortage and environmental pollution issues. Since the pioneering work in 2009 on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for visible-light photocatalytic water splitting, g-C3N4 -based photocatalysis has become a very hot research topic. This review summarizes the recent progress regarding the design and preparation of g-C3N4 -based photocatalysts, including the fabrication and nanostructure design of pristine g-C3N4 , bandgap engineering through atomic-level doping and molecular-level modification, and the preparation of g-C3N4 -based semiconductor composites. Also, the photo-catalytic applications of g-C3N4 -based photocatalysts in the fields of water splitting, CO2 reduction, pollutant degradation, organic syntheses, and bacterial disinfection are reviewed, with emphasis on photocatalysis promoted by carbon materials, non-noble-metal cocatalysts, and Z-scheme heterojunctions. Finally, the concluding remarks are presented and some perspectives regarding the future development of g-C3N4 -based photocatalysts are highlighted.
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              Nano-photocatalytic materials: possibilities and challenges.

              Hua Tong, Shuxin Ouyang, Yingpu Bi … (2012)
              Semiconductor photocatalysis has received much attention as a potential solution to the worldwide energy shortage and for counteracting environmental degradation. This article reviews state-of-the-art research activities in the field, focusing on the scientific and technological possibilities offered by photocatalytic materials. We begin with a survey of efforts to explore suitable materials and to optimize their energy band configurations for specific applications. We then examine the design and fabrication of advanced photocatalytic materials in the framework of nanotechnology. Many of the most recent advances in photocatalysis have been realized by selective control of the morphology of nanomaterials or by utilizing the collective properties of nano-assembly systems. Finally, we discuss the current theoretical understanding of key aspects of photocatalytic materials. This review also highlights crucial issues that should be addressed in future research activities. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): NJCHE5
                Title: New Journal of Chemistry
                Abbreviated Title: New J. Chem.
                Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                ISSN (Print): 1144-0546
                ISSN (Electronic): 1369-9261
                Publication date Created: February 21 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 2022
                Volume: 46
                Issue: 8
                Pages: 3588-3594
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
                [2 ]MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
                [3 ]Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities of Institute of Coal Chemistry, CAS, State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Taiyuan 030001, China
                [4 ]Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
                Article
                DOI: 10.1039/D1NJ05569K
                SO-VID: f9e995ce-b383-4791-92fb-521a6bc2d8e9
                Copyright © © 2022
                License:

                http://rsc.li/journals-terms-of-use

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