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      Análise comparativa histopatológica entre a hérnia de disco contida e extrusa Translated title: Comparative histopathologic analysis of contained and extruded disc herniation Translated title: Análisis comparativo histopatológico entre hernia discal contenida y extruida

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Nosso estudo tem o objetivo de estudar as alterações histopatológicas, tais como neovascularização, infiltrado inflamatório, celularidade, apoptose, degeneração mucoide, alterações granulares e calcificação presentes nos tipos de hérnia (contida e extrusa), e também avaliar essas diferenças entre o núcleo pulposo e ânulo fibroso. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 65 discos lombares, os quais foram divididos em três grupos: hérnia extrusa com 25 casos, hérnia contida com 28 casos e 12 discos sem alteração degenerativa. Os fragmentos removidos foram separados em ânulo fibroso e núcleo pulposo. Foi realizada análise semiquantitativa por microscopia óptica das alterações histopatológicas. RESULTADO: Em relação aos parâmetros avaliados na análise comparativa entre ânulo fibroso e núcleo pulposo não houve variação estatística significativa entre os grupos, o que mostra que ambas as regiões são semelhantes. A hérnia extrusa apresentou maior proporção de infiltrado inflamatório e neovascularização. As alterações degenerativas não apresentaram uma variação significante conforme o tipo de hérnia. CONCLUSÕES: Na hérnia de disco há uma relação entre neovascularização, infiltrado inflamatório e o tipo de hérnia. Não há diferença histopatológica em relação à porção do disco intervertebral analisada.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: to investigate histopathological changes such as neovascularization, inflammatory infiltrate, cellularity, apoptosis, mucoid degeneration, granular changes, and calcification in contained and extruded disc herniations, and to compare these differences in the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus. METHODS: 65 lumbar discs were evaluated. These were divided in three groups: 25 cases of extruded herniated discs, 28 cases of contained herniated discs, and 12 cases of discs without degenerative changes. Fragments were removed and separated into annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus. Semi-quantitative analysis of histopathologic changes was carried out, using a microscope. RESULTS: in the comparative analysis between annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus, no statistical differences were obtained between these groups, showing that both regions are similar. The extruded disc herniation presented a higher proportion of inflammatory infiltrate and neovascularization. Degenerative changes did not present significant variation in relation to disc herniation type. CONCLUSION: There is a relation in disc herniation between neovascularitazion, inflammatory infiltrate and type of disc herniation. There is no histopathologic difference in relation of the portion of intervertebral disc analyzed.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO: Nuestro estudio tiene el objetivo de analizar las alteraciones histopatológicas tales como neovascularización, infiltrado inflamatorio, celularidad, apoptosis, degeneración mucoide, alteraciones granulares y calcificación, presentes según los tipos de hernia (contenida y extruida), así como evaluar esas diferencias entre el núcleo pulposo y el anillo fibroso. MÉTODOS: Se analizaron 65 discos lumbares, que se dividieron en tres grupos: hernia extruida en 25 casos, hernia contenida en 28 casos y 12 discos sin alteración degenerativa. Los fragmentos extraídos se separaron en anillo fibroso y núcleo pulposo. Se llevó a cabo un análisis semicuantitativo por microscopia óptica de las alteraciones histopatológicas. RESULTADO: Respecto a los parámetros evaluados en el análisis comparativo entre anillo fibroso y núcleo pulposo, no se produjo variación estadística significativa entre los grupos, lo cual muestra que ambas regiones son semejantes. La hernia extruida presentó una mayor proporción de infiltrado inflamatorio y neovascularización. Las alteraciones degenerativas no presentaron una variación significativa según el tipo de hernia. CONCLUSIONES: En la hernia discal hay una relación entre neovascularización, infiltrado inflamatorio y tipo de hernia. No hay diferencia histopatológica respecto a la parte del disco intervertebral analizada.

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          Most cited references20

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          Magnetic resonance classification of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration.

          A reliability study was conducted. To develop a classification system for lumbar disc degeneration based on routine magnetic resonance imaging, to investigate the applicability of a simple algorithm, and to assess the reliability of this classification system. A standardized nomenclature in the assessment of disc abnormalities is a prerequisite for a comparison of data from different investigations. The reliability of the assessment has a crucial influence on the validity of the data. Grading systems of disc degeneration based on state of the art magnetic resonance imaging and corresponding reproducibility studies currently are sparse. A grading system for lumbar disc degeneration was developed on the basis of the literature. An algorithm to assess the grading was developed and optimized by reviewing lumbar magnetic resonance examinations. The reliability of the algorithm in depicting intervertebral disc alterations was tested on the magnetic resonance images of 300 lumbar intervertebral discs in 60 patients (33 men and 27 women) with a mean age of 40 years (range, 10-83 years). All scans were analyzed independently by three observers. Intra- and interobserver reliabilities were assessed by calculating kappa statistics. There were 14 Grade I, 82 Grade II, 72 Grade III, 68 Grade IV, and 64 Grade V discs. The kappa coefficients for intra- and interobserver agreement were substantial to excellent: intraobserver (kappa range, 0.84-0.90) and interobserver (kappa range, 0.69-0.81). Complete agreement was obtained, on the average, in 83.8% of all the discs. A difference of one grade occurred in 15.9% and a difference of two or more grades in 1.3% of all the cases. Disc degeneration can be graded reliably on routine T2-weighted magnetic resonance images using the grading system and algorithm presented in this investigation.
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            Preliminary evaluation of a scheme for grading the gross morphology of the human intervertebral disc.

            A five-category grading scheme for assessing the gross morphology of midsagittal sections of the human lumbar intervetebral disc was developed. The ability of three observers to categorize a series of 68 discs with a wide spectrum of morphologies established the comprehensiveness of the classification. Three independent observers tested the reproducibility of the procedure by assignment of grades blindly to duplicate images of 68 discs taken from 15 spines. The intraobserver agreement ranged from 87 to 91%. The interobserver agreement was 61, 64, and 88% for the three pairs, the two low values being attributable to the bias of one observer. The agreement between the assigned and average grades was 85, 92, 68, 90, and 76% for Grades I through V, respectively. Except for Grade III, the disagreements were attributable mainly to the bias of one observer. Both the increase in the grade with age and the finding that all the discs within 14 of 15 spines had a narrow range of grades demonstrated the biologic credibility of the scheme.
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              The inflammatory effect of nucleus pulposus. A possible element in the pathogenesis of low-back pain.

              Homogenized autogenous nucleus pulposus was injected into the lumbar epidural space of four dogs through an indwelling catheter. After daily injections of the material over 5 to 7 days, the dogs were killed at 5, 7, 14, or 21 days after the first injection. In four dogs that served as controls, normal saline was injected on an identical schedule and the dogs were killed at times identical to the experimental group. Evaluation of the dural sac, the spinal cord and its roots was performed by gross inspection and microscopic analysis. There was evidence of an inflammatory response to the nuclear material injected, but no inflammatory response occurred in the control group.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                coluna
                Coluna/Columna
                Coluna/Columna
                Sociedade Brasileira de Coluna (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1808-1851
                2177-014X
                2011
                : 10
                : 1
                : 55-57
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameFaculdade de Medicina do ABC orgdiv1Departamento de Bioquímica
                [03] orgnameFaculdade de Medicina do ABC orgdiv1Departamento de Patologia
                [01] orgnameFaculdade de Medicina do ABC
                Article
                S1808-18512011000100010 S1808-1851(11)01000110
                9426635d-3660-47bd-9de2-a207ab23e08f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 March 2011
                : 14 December 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 3
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                Histology,Intervertebral disk displacement,Intervertebral disk,Histologia,Deslocamento do disco intervertebral,Histología,Disco intervertebral,Desplazamiento del disco intervertebral

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