Phytochemical Assessment and Evaluation of the Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Microbial, Anti-Cholesterol, and Anti-Diabetic Activities of Triumphetta Pentandra Methanol Based Green Leaf Extract

Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Long term exposure to increased levels of pro-oxidant factors can cause structural defects at a mitochondrial DNA level, as well as functional alteration of several enzymes and cellular structures leading to aberrations in gene expression. The modern lifestyle associated with processed food, exposure to a wide range of chemicals and lack of exercise plays an important role in oxidative stress induction. However, the use of medicinal plants with antioxidant properties has been exploited for their ability to treat or prevent several human pathologies in which oxidative stress seems to be one of the causes. In this review we discuss the diseases in which oxidative stress is one of the triggers and the plant-derived antioxidant compounds with their mechanisms of antioxidant defenses that can help in the prevention of these diseases. Finally, both the beneficial and detrimental effects of antioxidant molecules that are used to reduce oxidative stress in several human conditions are discussed.

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) has been developed as a tool for the simultaneous and quantitative determination of organic components, including chemical bond, as well as organic content (e.g. protein, carbohydrate and lipid). However, until now, there is no further information for the detailed information in the FTIR peaks. The objective of this study was to demonstrate how to read and assess chemical bond and structure in the organic material. The analysis was then compared with the literatures. The step-by-step method on how to read the FTIR data was presented, including reviewing simple to the complex organic materials. This study is potential to be used as a standard information on how to read FTIR peaks in the biochemical and organic materials.

Bloodstream infection (BSI) organisms were consecutively collected from >200 medical centers in 45 nations between 1997 and 2016. Species identification and susceptibility testing followed Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution methods at a central laboratory.