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      Qualitative Wortschatzunterschiede zwischen Mädchen und Jungen im Grundschulalter :

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          Abstract

          Zusammenfassung. Schulerfolg beruht auf umfassenden sprachlichen Kompetenzen, deren Grundlage der Wortschatz ist. Unterschiede in den Entwicklungskontexten von Mädchen und Jungen können zu systematischen Unterschieden in der Qualität ihres Wortschatzes führen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird in der vorliegenden Studie anhand von Differential Item Functioning-Analysen empirisch überprüft, ob Jungen und Mädchen am Ende der Grundschulzeit bei gleichem Gesamtwortschatzkompetenzniveau über einen systematisch unterschiedlichen Wortschatz bei männlich, weiblich oder neutral konnotierten Wörtern verfügen. Die Analysen der Lösungswahrscheinlichkeiten von 96 Wortschatztestitems, die von 1 039 Kindern der dritten Klassenstufe bearbeitet wurden, zeigten keine quantitativen Wortschatzunterschiede in Abhängigkeit vom Geschlecht, jedoch qualitative: Bei männlich konnotierten Wörtern hatten Jungen, bei weiblich konnotierten Wörtern Mädchen relative Vorteile. Dieses galt auch bei Kontrolle zentraler sozialer Hintergrundmerkmale, wobei die Effekte von kleiner Größe waren. Die Implikationen für die schulische Praxis und weitere Forschungsdesiderate werden diskutiert.

          Qualitative Differences in Vocabulary Between Boys and Girls in Elementary School Age

          Abstract. Success at school depends on extensive verbal skills which are based on vocabulary knowledge. Developmental differences between girls and boys can result in systematic differences in the quality of their vocabularies. Against this background, and by using Differential Item Functioning-analyses, this study empirically examines the question whether boys and girls at the end of their primary school education master a systematically different vocabulary regarding words connoted with masculine, feminine or neutral concepts, while not exhibiting competence differences with respect to their levels of overall vocabulary. Analyses of 1039 third-graders regarding the probability of solving 96 vocabulary items correctly did not result in any quantitative vocabulary differences based on gender. However, qualitative differences could be shown: Boys displayed relative advantages with respect to masculine-connoted words; girls were advantageous with respect to feminine-connoted words. The same results applied when controlling for central social background criteria with the effects being of small size. The implications for schools as well as further research desiderata are being discussed.

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          Cognitive theories of early gender development.

          The contribution of cognitive perspectives (cognitive-developmental theory and gender schema theory) to a contemporary understanding of gender development is evaluated. Recent critiques of cognitive approaches are discussed and empirical evidence is presented to counter these critiques. Because of the centrality of early gender development to the cognitive perspective, the latest research is reviewed on how infants and toddlers discriminate the sexes and learn the attributes correlated with sex. The essence of cognitive approaches--emphasis on motivational consequences of gender concepts; the active, self-initiated view of development; and focus on developmental patterns-is highlighted and contrasted with social-cognitive views. The value of cognitive theories to the field is illustrated, and recommendations are made concerning how to construct comprehensive, integrative perspectives of gender development.
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            A standard international socio-economic index of occupational status

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              Bildungssprache und Durchgängige Sprachbildung. In S. Fürstenau & M. Gomolla (Hrsg.)

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                zpp
                Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie
                Hogrefe AG, Bern
                1010-0652
                1664-2910
                Februar 2016
                : 30
                : 1
                : 45-55
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Institut für Schulentwicklungsforschung (IFS), TU Dortmund
                [ 2 ]Arbeitsbereich Bildungsforschung/Heterogenität und Bildung, Freie Universität Berlin
                Author notes
                Prof. Dr. Nele McElvany, Institut für Schulentwicklungsforschung (IFS), TU Dortmund, Vogelpothsweg 78, 44227 Dortmund, Deutschland, E-Mail nele.mcelvany@ 123456tu-dortmund.de
                Article
                zpp_30_1_45
                10.1024/1010-0652/a000167
                9fb46b5f-511d-4697-af36-084fe2376fd5
                Copyright @ 2016
                History
                : 4. Juni 2015
                : 16. November 2015
                Categories
                Originalartikel

                Pediatrics,Psychology,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                language,DIF-studies,Wortschatz,primary school,DIF-Analysen,gender,Sprache,vocabulary,Geschlecht,Grundschule

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