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      Coefficient Alpha: the resistance of a classic Translated title: Coeficiente Alfa: la resistencia de un clásico

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          Abstract

          Abstract Background: During the 20th century the alpha coefficient (() was widely used in the estimation of the internal consistency reliability of test scores. After misuses were identified in the early 21st century alternatives became widespread, especially the omega coefficient (ω). Nowadays, ( is re-emerging as an acceptable option for reliability estimation. Method: A review of the recent academic contributions, journal publication habits and recommendations from normative texts was carried out to identify good practices in estimation of internal consistency reliability. Results: To guide the analysis, we propose a three-phase decision diagram, which includes item description, fit of the measurement model for the test, and choice of the reliability coefficient for test score(s). We also provide recommendations on the use of R, Jamovi, JASP, Mplus, SPSS and Stata software to perform the analysis. Conclusions: Both α and ω are suitable for items with approximately normal distributions and approximately unidimensional and congeneric measures without extreme factor loadings. When items show non-normal distributions, strong specific components, or correlated errors, variants of ω are more appropriate. Some require specific data gathering designs. On a practical level we recommend a critical approach when using the software.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Antecedentes: Durante el siglo XX el coeficiente alfa (α) fue ampliamente utilizado en el cálculo de la consistencia interna de las puntuaciones de los test. Después de identificar algunos malos usos, a principios del siglo XXI se difundieron alternativas, especialmente el coeficiente omega ((). Actualmente α resurge como una opción aceptable. Método: Revisamos aportaciones académicas, hábitos de publicación en revistas y recomendaciones de textos normativos con el fin de identificar buenas prácticas en la estimación de la fiabilidad de consistencia interna. Resultados: Para guiar el análisis, proponemos un diagrama de decisión en tres fases, a saber, descripción de los ítems, ajuste del modelo de medida del test y elección del coeficiente de fiabilidad de las puntuaciones. Para su ejecución proporcionamos recomendaciones sobre el uso de los programas R, Jamovi, JASP, Mplus, SPSS y Stata. Conclusiones: Tanto α como ( son adecuados para ítems que se distribuyen de forma aproximadamente normal y medidas aproximadamente unidimensionales y congenéricas sin cargas factoriales extremas. Cuando los ítems tienen otra distribución, un fuerte componente específico o sus errores están correlacionados, resultan más adecuadas variantes de (. Algunas de ellas requieren diseños específicos de obtención de datos. A nivel práctico recomendamos un uso crítico del software.

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          Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests

          Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334
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            The Use of Cronbach’s Alpha When Developing and Reporting Research Instruments in Science Education

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              COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures

              Purpose Systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) differ from reviews of interventions and diagnostic test accuracy studies and are complex. In fact, conducting a review of one or more PROMs comprises of multiple reviews (i.e., one review for each measurement property of each PROM). In the absence of guidance specifically designed for reviews on measurement properties, our aim was to develop a guideline for conducting systematic reviews of PROMs. Methods Based on literature reviews and expert opinions, and in concordance with existing guidelines, the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) steering committee developed a guideline for systematic reviews of PROMs. Results A consecutive ten-step procedure for conducting a systematic review of PROMs is proposed. Steps 1–4 concern preparing and performing the literature search, and selecting relevant studies. Steps 5–8 concern the evaluation of the quality of the eligible studies, the measurement properties, and the interpretability and feasibility aspects. Steps 9 and 10 concern formulating recommendations and reporting the systematic review. Conclusions The COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of PROMs includes methodology to combine the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties with the quality of the PROM itself (i.e., its measurement properties). This enables reviewers to draw transparent conclusions and making evidence-based recommendations on the quality of PROMs, and supports the evidence-based selection of PROMs for use in research and in clinical practice.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                psicothema
                Psicothema
                Psicothema
                Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos del Principado de Asturias (Oviedo, Asturias, Spain )
                0214-9915
                1886-144X
                2023
                : 35
                : 1
                : 5-20
                Affiliations
                [1] Cataluña orgnameUniversitat Autónoma de Barcelona Spain
                [2] orgnameUniversitat Oberta de Catalunya Spain
                Article
                S1886-144X2023000100002 S1886-144X(23)03500100002
                10.7334/psicothema2022.321
                de91b5c9-0aba-47d2-9eaa-8d270105a218

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 October 2022
                : 27 July 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 132, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Articles

                fiabilidad,software,omega,internal consistency,reliability,Cronbach's alpha,consistencia interna,alfa de Cronbach

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