A Survey of Analytical Techniques for Noroviruses

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Abstract

As the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, human noroviruses (HuNoVs) have caused around 685 million cases of infection and nearly $60 billion in losses every year. Despite their highly contagious nature, an effective vaccine for HuNoVs has yet to become commercially available. Therefore, rapid detection and subtyping of noroviruses is crucial for preventing viral spread. Over the past half century, there has been monumental progress in the development of techniques for the detection and analysis of noroviruses. However, currently no rapid, portable assays are available to detect and subtype infectious HuNoVs. The purpose of this review is to survey and present different analytical techniques for the detection and characterization of noroviruses.

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An overview of foodborne pathogen detection: in the perspective of biosensors.

Vijayalakshmi Velusamy, Khalil Arshak, Olga Korostynska … (2010)

Food safety is a global health goal and the foodborne diseases take a major crisis on health. Therefore, detection of microbial pathogens in food is the solution to the prevention and recognition of problems related to health and safety. For this reason, a comprehensive literature survey has been carried out aiming to give an overview in the field of foodborne pathogen detection. Conventional and standard bacterial detection methods such as culture and colony counting methods, immunology-based methods and polymerase chain reaction based methods, may take up to several hours or even a few days to yield an answer. Obviously this is inadequate, and recently many researchers are focusing towards the progress of rapid methods. Although new technologies like biosensors show potential approaches, further research and development is essential before biosensors become a real and reliable choice. New bio-molecular techniques for food pathogen detection are being developed to improve the biosensor characteristics such as sensitivity and selectivity, also which is rapid, reliable, effective and suitable for in situ analysis. This paper not only offers an overview in the area of microbial pathogen detection but it also describes the conventional methods, analytical techniques and recent developments in food pathogen detection, identification and quantification, with an emphasis on biosensors. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Economic burden from health losses due to foodborne illness in the United States.

Robert Scharff (2012)

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently revised their estimates for the annual number of foodborne illnesses; 48 million Americans suffer from domestically acquired foodborne illness associated with 31 identified pathogens and a broad category of unspecified agents. Consequently, economic studies based on the previous estimates are now obsolete. This study was conducted to provide improved and updated estimates of the cost of foodborne illness by adding a replication of the 2011 CDC model to existing cost-of-illness models. The basic cost-of-illness model includes economic estimates for medical costs, productivity losses, and illness-related mortality (based on hedonic value-of-statistical-life studies). The enhanced cost-of-illness model replaces the productivity loss estimates with a more inclusive pain, suffering, and functional disability measure based on monetized quality-adjusted life year estimates. Costs are estimated for each pathogen and a broader class of unknown pathogens. The addition of updated cost data and improvements to methodology enhanced the performance of each existing economic model. Uncertainty in these models was characterized using Monte Carlo simulations in @Risk version 5.5. With this model, the average cost per case of foodborne illness was $1,626 (90% credible interval [CI], $607 to $3,073) for the enhanced cost-of-illness model and $1,068 (90% CI, $683 to $1,646) for the basic model. The resulting aggregated annual cost of illness was $77.7 billion (90% CI, $28.6 to $144.6 billion) and $51.0 billion (90% CI, $31.2 to $76.1 billion) for the enhanced and basic models, respectively.

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Current approaches in SELEX: An update to aptamer selection technology.

Mariia Darmostuk, Silvie Rimpelová, Helena Gbelcová … (2015)

Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) is a well-established and efficient technology for the generation of oligonucleotides with a high target affinity. These SELEX-derived single stranded DNA and RNA molecules, called aptamers, were selected against various targets, such as proteins, cells, microorganisms, chemical compounds etc. They have a great potential in the use as novel antibodies, in cancer theragnostics and in biomedical research. Vast interest in aptamers stimulated continuous development of SELEX, which underwent numerous modifications since its first application in 1990. Novel modifications made the selection process more efficient, cost-effective and significantly less time-consuming. This article brings a comprehensive and up-to-date review of recent advances in SELEX methods and pinpoints advantages, main obstacles and limitations. The post-SELEX strategies and examples of application are also briefly outlined in this review.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Foods

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Foods

Journal ID (publisher-id): foods

Title: Foods

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2304-8158

Publication date (Electronic): 10 March 2020

Publication date Collection: March 2020

Volume: 9

Issue: 3

Electronic Location Identifier: 318

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA

[2 ]Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: lingling@ 123456iastate.edu (L.L.); mdmoore@ 123456umass.edu (M.D.M.)

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Lingling Liu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5308-1321

Matthew D. Moore https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5393-0733

Article

Publisher ID: foods-09-00318

DOI: 10.3390/foods9030318

PMC ID: 7142446

PubMed ID: 32164213

SO-VID: 00c6bc83-009a-4f8c-9416-5ad8f8f26086

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

A Survey of Analytical Techniques for Noroviruses

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Peer reviewer: gatekeeper or outdated?

Most cited references 173

An overview of foodborne pathogen detection: in the perspective of biosensors.

Economic burden from health losses due to foodborne illness in the United States.

Current approaches in SELEX: An update to aptamer selection technology.

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