Signaling pathway mechanisms of neurological diseases induced by G protein‐coupled receptor 39

Abstract

Background

G protein‐coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) is a transmembrane zinc receptor with two splice variants, which belongs to the G‐protein‐coupled receptor growth hormone‐releasing peptide family. Its expression is induced by zinc, which activates GPR39, and its activation mediates cell proliferation, ion homeostasis, and anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and other pathophysiological effects via different signaling pathways.

Aims

The article reviews the latest literature in this field. In particular, the role of GPR39 in nervous system is discussed.

Materials and methods

GPR39 can be a promising target in neurological diseases for targeted therapy, which will help doctors overcome the associated problems.

Discussion

GPR39 is expressed in vivo at several sites. Increasing evidence suggests that GPR39 plays an important role as a neuroprotective agent in vivo and regulates various neurological functions, including neurodegeneration, neuroelectrophysiology, and neurovascular homeostasis.

Conclusion

This review aims to provide an overview of the functions, signal transduction pathways, and pathophysiological role of GPR39 in neurological diseases and summarize the GPR39 agonists that have been identified in the recent years.

Abstract

The expression of G protein‐coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) is induced by zinc, which activates GPR39 and later mediates cell proliferation, ion homeostasis maintenance, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and other pathophysiological effects through different signaling pathways. It plays an important neuroprotective role in neurodegeneration, neuroelectrophysiology, and neurovascular homeostasis.