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      Reflexiones sobre el trayecto salud-padecimiento-enfermedad-atención: una mirada socioantropológica Translated title: Reflections on the health-illness-disease-care: a socio-anthropological view

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          Abstract

          Las reflexiones actuales sobre el trayecto salud-padecimiento-enfermedad-atención surgen de una herencia compleja y antigua en la que se anudan diversas tentativas para su comprensión. En este trabajo se revisan someramente algunos estudios que han abordado este trayecto a lo largo de la historia. El énfasis principal está puesto en los enfoques social y antropológico; se señala el papel de la eficacia simbólica, concepto antropológico de la "cura por la palabra". Como aspecto central se revisan los modelos propuestos por Canguilhem para su interpretación; se describen los modelos ontológico, dinámico y social. Posteriormente se hace un recorrido a partir de las décadas centrales del siglo XIX, en plena instalación del positivismo, cuando se desarrollaron las bases científicas de la medicina. Se describe la insuficiencia del modelo unicausal y se señalan otras explicaciones sobre los factores que intervienen en la génesis de las enfermedades. Asimismo, se menciona la situación sociopolítica como condicionante de la enfermedad y la manera en que tomó auge la concepción sociológica. Al final se describen algunas corrientes contemporáneas desde la perspectiva interpretativa de la antropología médica, enfatizando el desarrollo de los conceptos de enfermedad (disease), padecimiento (illness) y disfunción social (sickness).

          Translated abstract

          Current reflections on the health-disease-care process are due to a complex and ancient legacy where diverse attempts at understanding it have their roots. This work consists of a brief overview of some approaches that have been used to interpret this process throughout history. The social and anthropological approaches are specially emphasized; the role of symbolical efficiency and the anthropological concept of "word-healing" are also mentioned. As a central point, the ontological, dynamical, and social models proposed by Canguilhem to interpret these processes are reviewed. Afterwards, the decades central to the 19st century are discussed, when positivism and the scientific basis for medicine were fully established. The insufficiency of the single-cause model and other explanations for factors involved in generating disease are described. In addition, the socio-political situation as a factor for disease is considered, as is the way in which the sociological concept became widely held. Finally, contemporary trends are described based on the interpretative perspective of medical anthropology, with special emphasis on the development of the concepts of disease, illness, and sickness.

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          Patients and Healers in the Context of Culture: An Exploration of the Borderland between Anthropology, Medicine, and Psychiatry

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            The Social System

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                spm
                Salud Pública de México
                Salud pública Méx
                Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (Cuernavaca )
                0036-3634
                February 2007
                : 49
                : 1
                : 63-70
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México
                Article
                S0036-36342007000100009
                0294d0ea-932b-4763-a47c-d578b92d46d0

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0036-3634&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Health,Illness,Disease,Care,Socio-Anthropological,salud,padecimiento,enfermedad,atención,socioantropología

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