Infants and children with short bowel syndrome (SBS) are presumed to be at risk of gut microbial dysbiosis with potential sequelae of bacterial overgrowth that include sepsis, d-lactic acidosis, mucosal inflammation, and malabsorption. In neonatal piglets with SBS, we compared intestinal microbial composition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and adaptation given probiotic (PRO) treatment (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp) vs oral metronidazole (MET).