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      Chinese public's knowledge, perceived severity, and perceived controllability of COVID-19 and their associations with emotional and behavioural reactions, social participation, and precautionary behaviour: a national survey.

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          Abstract

          The outbreak of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has caused enormous stress among the public in China. Intellectual input from various aspects is needed to fight against COVID-19, including understanding of the public's emotion and behaviour and their antecedents from the psychological perspectives. Drawing upon the cognitive appraisal theory, this study examined three cognitive appraisals (i.e., perceived severity, perceived controllability, and knowledge of COVID-19) and their associations with a wide range of emotional and behavioural outcomes among the Chinese public.

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          Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.

          Philip M Podsakoff, Scott MacKenzie, Jeong-Yeon Lee … (2003)
          Interest in the problem of method biases has a long history in the behavioral sciences. Despite this, a comprehensive summary of the potential sources of method biases and how to control for them does not exist. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which method biases influence behavioral research results, identify potential sources of method biases, discuss the cognitive processes through which method biases influence responses to measures, evaluate the many different procedural and statistical techniques that can be used to control method biases, and provide recommendations for how to select appropriate procedural and statistical remedies for different types of research settings.
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            A power primer.

            Jacob Cohen (1992)
            One possible reason for the continued neglect of statistical power analysis in research in the behavioral sciences is the inaccessibility of or difficulty with the standard material. A convenient, although not comprehensive, presentation of required sample sizes is provided here. Effect-size indexes and conventional values for these are given for operationally defined small, medium, and large effects. The sample sizes necessary for .80 power to detect effects at these levels are tabled for eight standard statistical tests: (a) the difference between independent means, (b) the significance of a product-moment correlation, (c) the difference between independent rs, (d) the sign test, (e) the difference between independent proportions, (f) chi-square tests for goodness of fit and contingency tables, (g) one-way analysis of variance, and (h) the significance of a multiple or multiple partial correlation.
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              Comparative fit indexes in structural models.

              P. Bentler (1990)
              Normed and nonnormed fit indexes are frequently used as adjuncts to chi-square statistics for evaluating the fit of a structural model. A drawback of existing indexes is that they estimate no known population parameters. A new coefficient is proposed to summarize the relative reduction in the noncentrality parameters of two nested models. Two estimators of the coefficient yield new normed (CFI) and nonnormed (FI) fit indexes. CFI avoids the underestimation of fit often noted in small samples for Bentler and Bonett's (1980) normed fit index (NFI). FI is a linear function of Bentler and Bonett's non-normed fit index (NNFI) that avoids the extreme underestimation and overestimation often found in NNFI. Asymptotically, CFI, FI, NFI, and a new index developed by Bollen are equivalent measures of comparative fit, whereas NNFI measures relative fit by comparing noncentrality per degree of freedom. All of the indexes are generalized to permit use of Wald and Lagrange multiplier statistics. An example illustrates the behavior of these indexes under conditions of correct specification and misspecification. The new fit indexes perform very well at all sample sizes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Public Health
                Title: BMC public health
                Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2458
                ISSN (Print): 1471-2458
                Publication date (Electronic): Oct 21 2020
                Volume: 20
                Issue: 1
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P. R. China.
                [2 ] Department of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
                [3 ] Department of Psychology and Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, 230, Waihuan Road West, Panyu District, Guangzhou, P. R. China. psydk@gzhu.edu.cn.
                [4 ] Department of Psychology and Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, 230, Waihuan Road West, Panyu District, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: 10.1186/s12889-020-09695-1
                DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09695-1
                PMC ID: 7576982
                PubMed ID: 33087109
                SO-VID: 17eed725-3b61-41ff-9686-18d4b8fa34a3
                History

                Keywords: Social participation,Psychological health,Precautionary behaviour,Cognitive appraisal,COVID-19
                Data availability:
                Keywords: Social participation, Psychological health, Precautionary behaviour, Cognitive appraisal, COVID-19

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