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      The Benefits of Exercise on Structural and Functional Plasticity in the Rodent Hippocampus of Different Disease Models

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          Abstract

          In this review, the benefits of physical exercise on structural and functional plasticity in the hippocampus are discussed. The evidence is clear that voluntary exercise in rats and mice can lead to increases in hippocampal neurogenesis and enhanced synaptic plasticity which ultimately result in improved performance in hippocampal-dependent tasks. Furthermore, in models of neurological disorders, including fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, traumatic brain injury, stroke, and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease exercise can also elicit beneficial effects on hippocampal function. Ultimately this review highlights the multiple benefits of exercise on hippocampal function in both the healthy and the diseased brain.

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          Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate area of the anaesthetized rabbit following stimulation of the perforant path.

          T Bliss, T. Lomo (1973)
          1. The after-effects of repetitive stimulation of the perforant path fibres to the dentate area of the hippocampal formation have been examined with extracellular micro-electrodes in rabbits anaesthetized with urethane.2. In fifteen out of eighteen rabbits the population response recorded from granule cells in the dentate area to single perforant path volleys was potentiated for periods ranging from 30 min to 10 hr after one or more conditioning trains at 10-20/sec for 10-15 sec, or 100/sec for 3-4 sec.3. The population response was analysed in terms of three parameters: the amplitude of the population excitatory post-synaptic potential (e.p.s.p.), signalling the depolarization of the granule cells, and the amplitude and latency of the population spike, signalling the discharge of the granule cells.4. All three parameters were potentiated in 29% of the experiments; in other experiments in which long term changes occurred, potentiation was confined to one or two of the three parameters. A reduction in the latency of the population spike was the commonest sign of potentiation, occurring in 57% of all experiments. The amplitude of the population e.p.s.p. was increased in 43%, and of the population spike in 40%, of all experiments.5. During conditioning at 10-20/sec there was massive potentiation of the population spike (;frequency potentiation'). The spike was suppressed during stimulation at 100/sec. Both frequencies produced long-term potentiation.6. The results suggest that two independent mechanisms are responsible for long-lasting potentiation: (a) an increase in the efficiency of synaptic transmission at the perforant path synapses; (b) an increase in the excitability of the granule cell population.
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            Pattern separation in the dentate gyrus and CA3 of the hippocampus.

            Jill K. Leutgeb, Stefan Leutgeb, May-Britt Moser … (2007)
            Theoretical models have long pointed to the dentate gyrus as a possible source of neuronal pattern separation. In agreement with predictions from these models, we show that minimal changes in the shape of the environment in which rats are exploring can substantially alter correlated activity patterns among place-modulated granule cells in the dentate gyrus. When the environments are made more different, new cell populations are recruited in CA3 but not in the dentate gyrus. These results imply a dual mechanism for pattern separation in which signals from the entorhinal cortex can be decorrelated both by changes in coincidence patterns in the dentate gyrus and by recruitment of nonoverlapping cell assemblies in CA3.
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              Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions.

              J. N. P. Rawlins, P Garrud, Sheldon R. Morris … (1982)
              Article 0 comments Cited 356 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Henriette van Praag: Role: Guest Editor
                Brian Christie: Role: Guest Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Brain Plast
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Brain Plast
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BPL
                Title: Brain Plasticity
                Publisher: IOS Press (Nieuwe Hemweg 6B, 1013 BG Amsterdam, The Netherlands )
                ISSN (Print): 2213-6304
                ISSN (Electronic): 2213-6312
                Publication date (Electronic, pub): 9 October 2015
                Publication date (Electronic, collection): 2015
                Volume: 1
                Issue: 1 , Tracking Effects of Exercise on Neuronal Plasticity
                Pages: 97-127
                Affiliations
                [a ]Division of Medical Sciences, Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
                [b ]Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
                [c ]Brain Research Centre and Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
                [d ]Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence to: Brian R. Christie (Ph.D.), Division of Medical Sciences, Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C., V8W 2Y2, Canada. Tel.: +1 250 472 4244; Fax: +1 250 772 5505; E-mail: brain64@ 123456uvic.ca .
                Article
                Publisher ID: BPL150016
                DOI: 10.3233/BPL-150016
                PMC ID: 5928528
                SO-VID: 23ef0ec1-ac58-4984-a78e-a99f55a59d33
                Copyright © © 2015 ― IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved
                License:

                This article is published online with Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License.

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: exercise,hippocampus,cornu ammonis,dentate gyrus,neurogenesis,synaptic plasticity,behaviour
                Data availability:
                Keywords: exercise, hippocampus, cornu ammonis, dentate gyrus, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, behaviour

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