Enhancement of myocardial function and reduction of injury with levosimendan after percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: a pilot study.

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Abstract

To determine the short-term clinical effects of levosimendan in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with myocardial stunning after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

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Women and men with stable coronary artery disease have similar clinical outcomes: insights from the international prospective CLARIFY registry

Ph. Steg, Nicola Greenlaw, Jean-Claude Tardif … (2012)

Aims Men and women differ in terms of presentation and management in coronary artery disease (CAD). Whether these differences translate into different clinical outcomes in stable CAD is unclear. We analysed data from the international prospective CLARIFY registry to compare cardiovascular clinical outcomes in men and women with stable CAD. Methods and results We analysed 1-year outcomes in 30 977 outpatients with stable CAD [23 975 (77.4%) men; 7002 (22.6%) women]. Women were older than men, more likely to have hypertension and diabetes, and less likely to exercise or smoke. They had more frequent angina, but were less likely to have undergone diagnostic non-invasive testing or coronary angiography. Women received less optimized treatment for stable CAD. One-year outcomes were similar for men and women for the composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or stroke [adjusted rates 1.7 vs. 1.8%, respectively, odds ratio (OR) 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75–1.15]; all-cause death (adjusted 1.5 vs. 1.6%, OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.72–1.13); fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction (adjusted 1.0 vs. 0.9%, OR: 0.81, 95 CI: 0.60–1.08); and cardiovascular death or non-fatal myocardial infarction (adjusted 1.4 vs. 1.4%, OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.70–1.12). Fewer women underwent revascularization (2.6 vs. 2.2%, OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64–0.93), although appropriateness was not analysed. Conclusion The risk profiles of women and men with stable CAD differ substantially. However, 1-year outcomes were similar. Fewer women underwent revascularization. Further research is needed to better understand gender determinants of outcome and devise strategies to minimize bias in the management and treatment of women.

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Impact of myocardial haemorrhage on left ventricular function and remodelling in patients with reperfused acute myocardial infarction.

Javier Ganame, Giancarlo Messalli, Steven Dymarkowski … (2009)

Myocardial haemorrhage is a common complication following reperfusion of ST-segment-elevation acute myocardial infarction (MI). Although its presence is clearly related to infarct size, at present it is unknown whether post-reperfusion haemorrhage affects left ventricular (LV) remodelling. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to identify MI, myocardial haemorrhage, and microvascular obstruction (MVO), as well as measure LV volumes, function, and mass. Ninety-eight patients (14 females, 84 males, mean age: 57.7 years) with MI reperfused with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were studied within the first week (1W) and at 4 months (4M) after the event. T2-weighted MRI was used to differentiate between haemorrhagic (i.e. hypointense core) and non-haemorrhagic infarcts (i.e. hyperintense core). Microvascular obstruction and infarct size were determined on contrast-enhanced MRI, whereas cine MRI was used to quantify LV volumes, mass, and function. Twenty-four patients (25%) presented with a haemorrhagic MI. In the acute phase, the presence of myocardial haemorrhage was related to larger infarct size and infarct transmurality, lower LV ejection fraction, and lower systolic wall thickening in the infarcted myocardium (all P-values <0.001). At 4M, a significant improvement in LV ejection fraction in patients with non-haemorrhagic MI was seen (baseline: 49.3 +/- 7.9% vs. 4M: 52.9 +/- 8.1%; P < 0.01). Left ventricular ejection fraction did, however, not improve in patients with haemorrhagic MI (baseline: 42.8 +/- 6.5% vs. 4M: 41.9 +/- 8.5%; P = 0.68). Multivariate analysis showed myocardial haemorrhage to be an independent predictor of adverse LV remodelling at 4M (defined as an increase in LV end-systolic volume). This pattern was independent of the initial infarct size. Myocardial haemorrhage, the presence of which can easily be detected with T2-weighted MRI, is a frequent complication after successful myocardial reperfusion and an independent predictor of adverse LV remodelling regardless of the initial infarct size.

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C-reactive protein, infarct size, microvascular obstruction, and left-ventricular remodelling following acute myocardial infarction.

J Damas, Tom Eirik Mollnes, Stein Ørn … (2009)

This study assessed the relationship between inflammatory mediators and indices of infarct size and left-ventricular (LV) remodelling following successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with first time ST elevation myocardial infarction (MI). Forty-two patients admitted with an occluded single vessel were recruited consecutively. Cardiac magnetic resonance was used for serial assessment (2 days, 1 week, 2 months) of infarct size, microvascular obstruction (MO), and LV remodelling. Inflammatory mediators were analysed before and after PCI. Our major findings were: (1) Following PCI, there was a marked increase in plasma levels of C-reactive protein, closely correlated with an increase in interleukin-6 and terminal complement complex, reaching maximum 2 days after PCI; (2) C-reactive protein 2 days after PCI was significantly correlated with infarct size and parameters of LV remodelling 2 months after PCI; (3) Patients with persistent MO had significantly higher C-reactive protein levels 2 days following PCI. We suggest that the rapid increase in C-reactive protein levels in this model of successful revascularization of a single, totally occluded vessel reflects the degree of inflammation within the infarcted area. Our findings support a role for C-reactive protein-mediated complement activation as both a marker and mediator of myocardial damage following MI. Clinical study no.: NCT 00465868.

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Journal

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cardiology

Title: Cardiology

Publisher: S. Karger AG

ISSN (Electronic): 1421-9751

ISSN (Print): 0008-6312

Publication date (Electronic): 2014

Volume: 128

Issue: 2

Affiliations

[1 ] Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.

Article

Publisher Item ID: 000360933

DOI: 10.1159/000360933

PubMed ID: 24751502

SO-VID: 974a1d22-ede9-4bbe-a041-fd5f89c5a10d

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Enhancement of myocardial function and reduction of injury with levosimendan after percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: a pilot study.

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Karger: Cardiovascular System

Most cited references 21

Women and men with stable coronary artery disease have similar clinical outcomes: insights from the international prospective CLARIFY registry

Impact of myocardial haemorrhage on left ventricular function and remodelling in patients with reperfused acute myocardial infarction.

C-reactive protein, infarct size, microvascular obstruction, and left-ventricular remodelling following acute myocardial infarction.

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